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HCHS Year 9 Triple Science > Year 9 Mock Deck - Physics + Chemistry > Flashcards

Year 9 Mock Deck - Physics + Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the eight different types of energy?

A

Kinetic, thermal, chemical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, electrostatic, magnetic, nuclear

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2
Q

How does an object gain kinetic energy?

A

An object can gain energy if it gains mass and velocity while moving. If you double the mass the kinetic energy doubles. If you double the velocity the kinetic energy quadruples.

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3
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy is energy that is increased when an object has a high mass and velocity while moving

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4
Q

What is the definition of thermal energy?

A

Thermal energy is energy that is increased when an object gains temperature

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5
Q

What is the definition of chemical energy?

A

Chemical energy is energy that is released after a chemical reaction

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6
Q

What is the definition of gravitational potential energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy is energy that is increased when an object is in a gravitational field (anything that can fall)

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7
Q

What is the definition of elastic potential energy?

A

Elastic potential energy is energy that increases when an elastic object is stretched (spring, rubber band, etc)

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8
Q

What is the definition of electrostatic energy?

A

Electrostatic energy is energy that is increased when two forces repel each other

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9
Q

What is the definition of magnetic energy?

A

Magnetic energy is energy that is increased when two magnets are attracted/repel each other

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10
Q

What is the definition of nuclear energy?

A

Nuclear energy is energy that is released when atomic nuclei release energy in nuclear reactions

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11
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

KE (J) = 0.5 x m (kg) x v² (m/s²)

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12
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A

GPE (J) = m (kg) x g (N/kg) x h (m)

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13
Q

What is the Conservation of Energy?

A

The rule that energy can never be created or destroyed. Energy can only be stored, transferred and dissipated.

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14
Q

How can you test for energy transfer?

A

A ball rolling up a slope

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15
Q

What is the definition of efficiency?

A

Efficiency is the measure of how much energy is kept in a process of something

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16
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

Efficiency (J) = useful energy (J)/total energy (J)

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17
Q

What diagram do you use to show efficiency and what does it look like?

A

A Sankey diagram and it has two arrows (one for useful energy, one for unuseful energy

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18
Q

What are two ways you can reduce energy transfer?

A

Lubrication and insulation

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19
Q

What are the two types of energy resources?

A

Renewable and non-renewable

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20
Q

What are two sources of non-renewable energy?

A

Fossil fuels, nuclear

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21
Q

What are three types of renewable energy?

A

Solar, wind, biofuels, solar, tidal, hydroelectricity

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22
Q

What negative effects does burning fossil fuels have on the environment?

A

Burning fossil fuels sends carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. Burning coal sends sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere and contributes to acid rain. Oil spillages are harmful to the surrounding ecosystems, as is nuclear waste.

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23
Q

What do waves do?

A

Waves pass through a medium and transfer energy by making the particles of the medium vibrate. The particles stay in the same place.

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24
Q

What are the different parts of a wave?

A

Amplitude, wavelength, crest, trough, and frequency

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25
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

Transverse waves and longitudinal waves

26
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Waves that travel perpendicular to the x-axis eg ripples in water

27
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Waves that travel parallel to the x-axis eg sound waves

28
Q

What is the formula for wave speed?

A

v (m/s) = f (frequency) x λ (m)

29
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Gas, liquid and solid

30
Q

What strength are the forces between different types of states?

A

Gas: no forces
Liquid: some forces
Solid: strong forces

31
Q

What are the properties of solid particles?

A

Have fixed positions, definite shape and volume, don’t have any energy because the particles don’t move

32
Q

What are the properties of liquid particles?

A

Don’t have a definite shape, always have the same volume, the particles move freely and have some energy

33
Q

What are the properties of gas particles?

A

Free to move, no shape at all, will always fill a container, the particles have lots of energy

34
Q

What are the three state of matters?

A

Gas, liquid, solid

35
Q

How strong is the force of a solid?

A

Strong force of attraction

36
Q

How strong is the force of a liquid?

A

Not very strong forces of attraction, particles are free to move

37
Q

How strong is the force of a gas?

A

There is no force in a gas

38
Q

What properties do solid particles have?

A

No energy, and as a result, the particles don’t move. This gives the solid a definite shape and volume

39
Q

What properties do liquid particles have?

A

Some energy, so the particles are free to move. This gives the liquid no definite shape but it always has a definite volume

40
Q

What properties do gas particles have?

A

Lots of energy, so the particles are free to move and have no shape. This means the gas will always fill a container and never have a definite shape or volume

41
Q

What is the process of a solid changing into a liquid?

A

Melting

42
Q

What is the process of a liquid changing into a solid?

A

Freezing

43
Q

What is the process of a liquid changing into a gas?

A

Evaporation

44
Q

What is the process gas changing into a liquid?

A

Condensing

45
Q

What is the process of a solid turning into a gas?

A

Subliming

46
Q

What takes place during a chemical reaction?

A

Bonds between atoms are rearranged and make different products

47
Q

What is the meaning of a pure substance?

A

When a substance is made of one chemical or one compound only

48
Q

How can you test for purity?

A

Testing for a melting/boiling point (it is always the same in a pure substance

49
Q

What is the meaning of simple distillation?

A

A technique that is used to separate two liquids within a mixture

50
Q

How does simple distillation work?

A

1) The mixture is heated inside a flask with a bunsen burner
2) Steam rises from the hot mixture, which passes through a condenser
3) The steam condenses purely and falls into a beaker
4) The other liquid is left inside the original beaker

51
Q

What is one fault with simple distillation?

A

Can only be used with two substances that have very different boiling points

52
Q

What is an example of simple distillation?

A

Separating ink powder from water

53
Q

What is the meaning of fractional distillation?

A

A technique used to separate two or more liquids

54
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

1) The mixture is heated inside a flask with a bunsen burner
2) The steam rises through a fractionating column
3) The steam passes past the cold glass rods and through a condenser
4) The now condensed liquid is pure and falls into a beaker

55
Q

What is an example of fractional distillation?

A

Separating crude oil into different liquids

56
Q

Why do we use filtration?

A

To separate a solute from a solvent

57
Q

What technique do we use for filtration?

A

The filter paper is folded into a cone shape while the mixture is passed through, the solvent passes through into a beaker

58
Q

What is the definition of chromatography?

A

Chromatography is a method used to separate a mixture of solvents and identify them. There are two phases

59
Q

Define ‘mobile phase’

A

Where the molecules can move, always liquid or gas

60
Q

Define ‘stationary phase’

A

Where the molecules cannot move, always solid or viscous liquid

HCHS Year 9 Triple Science (4 decks)

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