Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > year 9 eoy exam > Flashcards

year 9 eoy exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what features do plant, animal, and fungi cells have in common?

A

they all have a cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the difference between protoctists and bacteria cells?

A

protoctists are: bigger, have a nucleus, have mitochondria, and are eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

put in order of biggest to smallest:
- tissue
- organs
- organ system
- organelles

A
  1. organ systems
  2. organs
  3. tissues
  4. cells
  5. organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the difference between animal and plant cells?

A

both have: nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes
only plants have: cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the chemical elements present in:
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids

A

carbohydrates: CHO
proteins: CHON
lipids: CHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the chemical test for starch?

A
  1. put a small food sample om a well on the spotting tile
  2. add equal amount of iodine solution to the food
  3. if starch is present the colour will change from orange to blue/black
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the chemical test for glucose

A
  1. place a small sample (2cm^3)of the food in a test tube
  2. add 1cm^3 of benedicts solution, or enough for it to appear blue
  3. heat in a water bath of 85 degrees celcius for 5 min
  4. if mixture turns red/orange/yellow/green glucose is present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the chemical test for protein

A
  1. place a small sample in a test tube
  2. add enough biuret solution to allow the colour to be seen (pale blue)
  3. if the mixture turns mauve/purple protein is present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the chemical test for lipids?

A
  1. place a small sample in a test tube
  2. add 2cm^3 of ethanol and mix well
  3. add 2cm^3 of water and shake again
  4. if mixture turns milky lipids are present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of a cell wall

A

keep the shape of the cell and prevents the cell from bursting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of a cell membrane

A

controls what goes in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of nucleus

A

where DNA is stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

site of respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts

A

contains chlorophyll, takes in light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of vacuole

A

stores cell sap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of cytoplasm

A

where chemical reactions occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the monomer of starch? (+glycogen)

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the monomer of protein?

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the monomer of lipids?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are enzymes

A

biological catalysts (speed up reactions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does temperature affect enzymes? (same with pH)

A

heat -> kinetic energy -> more collisions between substrate and enzyme (more complexes made) -> rate of reaction speeds up
too much heat -> kinetic energy causes active site to change shape + collisions are too violent -> substrate cannot fit -> enzyme denatures

23
Q

what does anaerobic and aerobic mean

A

anaerobic - without oxygen
aerobic - with oxygen

24
Q

word equation for aerobic respiration

A

oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water (+ATP)

25
Q

balanced chemical equation for respiration

A

6O(2) + C(6)H(12)O(6) –> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O

26
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

glucose -> lactic acid + carbon dioxide

27
Q

what is the word equation anaerobic respiration in fungi?

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

28
Q

what is the definition of diffusion?

A

the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

29
Q

how are alveoli adapted for diffusion?

A

thin walls -. short diffusion distance
many little one -> large surface area
constant flow of capillaries -> keeps the high concentration gradient

30
Q

how are villi in the ilium adapted for diffusion?

A

thin walls -> short diffusion distance
microvilli -> high surface area
capillary network -> keeps high concentration gradient

31
Q

describe the structure of the thorax

A

trachea -> bronchi (bronchus) -> bronchioles(s) -> alveoli
^ all inside the lungs + pleural cavity
^ all inside the ribs, intercoastal muscles ad diaphragm

32
Q

what happens during inhalation?

A

intercoastal muscles: contract
ribs: up and out
diaphragm: contract
volume: increase
pressure: decrease

33
Q

what happens during exhalation

A

intercoastal muscles: relax
ribs: down and in
diaphragm: relax
volume: decrease
pressure: increase

34
Q

what do plants store carbohydrates as?

A

starch

35
Q

what do animals and fungi store carbohydrates as?

A

glycogen

36
Q

what is saprotrophic digestion

A

cells secrete digestive enzymes and absorb the nutrients

37
Q

how are fungi cells organised?

A

like mycelium - have thread like structures called hyphae

38
Q

3 examples of each kingdom

A

animals: humans, dogs, tigers
plants: sunflowers, apple trees, oak trees
fungi: yeast, polyporus, mucor
bacteria: salmonella, E. Coli, cyanobacteria
protoctist: giant kelp, plasmodium (malaria), amoeba

39
Q

how do protoctists store carbohydrates?

A

starch or sucrose

40
Q

what enzyme is in the saliva?

A

salivary amylase

41
Q

what enzymes are in the stomach

A

pepsin (to peptides not amino acids yet)

42
Q

what is the functions of bile

A

neutralise stomach acid (pH2) and emulsify fats

43
Q

what enzymes are produced in the pancrease?

A

pancreatic amylase, tripsin, lipase

44
Q

what reactions occur in the duodenum

A

starch -> maltose (amylase)
peptides -> amino acids (tripsin)
lipids -> fatty acids + glycerol

45
Q

what reaction occurs in the ilium

A

maltose -> glucose (maltase)

46
Q

what is the use of iron

A

oxygen transport and haemoglobin; anemia

47
Q

what is the use of calcium

A

keep bones healthy, helps form blood clots, prevents osteoperosis

48
Q

function of water

A

protects tissue, lubricate joints, gets rid of wastes, needed for chemicsl reactions in cells

49
Q

function of vitamin a

A

keeps retina and eyes healthy, prevents night blindness

50
Q

function of vitamin c

A

essential partof collagen (skin, hair, gums, bones), prevents scurvy

51
Q

function of vitamin d

A

prevent rickets, helps absorb vitamin c

52
Q

protein

A

repair and build tissues

53
Q

function kf lipids

A

thermal and electrical insulation, protects organs

biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions