Year 9 (and 10) - Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

What does the A,I,M Triangle look like?

Answer 1

I

AM

Question 2

Whats the magnification formula?

Answer 2

Size of image
Over
Size of real object

Question 3

Whats the size of real object formula

Answer 3

Magnification

Question 4

Whats the formula for size of image?

Answer 4

Magnification x size of real object

Question 5

What are the features of an animal cell?

Answer 5

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes

Question 6

What does a plant cell have that a animal cell doesn’t?

Answer 6

Cell Wall, Chlorophyll, Permanent Vacuole

Question 7

How do you convert micrometers into millimetres?

Answer 7

divide by 1000

Question 8

What does the nucleus (in the animal cell) do?

Answer 8

Controls the cell

Question 9

What happens in the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Chemical reactions take place

Question 10

What does a higher concentration rate do to diffusion rates?

Answer 10

Diffusion will occur faster as it overall increases the speed of the spreading of particles.

Question 11

What is diffusion?

Answer 11

Diffusion is where particles move from a place of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 12

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 12

It increases the rate of diffusion.

Question 13

How does the surface area of the exchange surface affect diffusion.

Answer 13

It will overall increase the rate as more particles can enter one area at a time due to more space to enter

Question 14

What is water potential?

Answer 14

Water potential is the ability for water to move freely

Question 15

What prevents water from moving freely?

Answer 15

Solutes

Question 16

What has more water potential?

Pure Water or Solute Water?

Answer 16

Pure Water

Question 17

What is Osmosis?

Answer 17

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.

Question 18

Hypertonic Definition?

Answer 18

It’s where the outside of a cell is higher than the internal concentration

Question 19

Hypotonic

Answer 19

When the outside concentration of the cell is lower than the internal concentration.

Question 20

State what lysis means

Answer 20

It’s the disintegration of the cell because of a rupture in the cell wall or membrane.

Question 21

State what crenation is

Answer 21

It’s where a cell undergoes shrinkage and becomes shrivelled and smaller.

Question 22

State what plasmolysis is

Answer 22

Plasmolysis is where the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

Question 23

Active Transport

Answer 23

Active Transport is what occurs in cells to move substances around. (From low to high concentration)

Question 24

What are the features of an artery?

Answer 24

Tick layer of muscle and elastic fibres, small lumen, thick walls

Question 25

What are the features of veins

Answer 25

Often have valves, large lumen, relatively thin walls

Question 26

What are the features of a capillary

Answer 26

Walls are a single cell thick, tiny vessels with narrow lumen

Question 27

What is the blood plasma? What does it do? What is in it?

Answer 27

Blood plasma is a yellow liquid. This liquid transports your blood cell and other substances around your body. It’s a form of transportation. Waste carbon dioxide produced by cells is carried to the lungs by it.

Question 28

What are red blood cells? What do they look like?

Answer 28

Red blood cells carry air, from the lungs, around the body to cells that need it. Red blood cells are shaped like biconcave discs. RB cells also contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen, this helps with the transportation process.

Question 29

What are white blood cells? What do they do? What do they look like?

Answer 29

These cells are much larger than red blood cells but, there are much less of them. They are part of the body’s defence system. White blood cells contain nucleuses. There are different types of white blood cells to help with different situations such as one which forms antitoxins.

Question 30

What are platelets? What are they like? What do they do?

Answer 30

Platelets are small fragments of cells with no nucleus. They help the blood to clot the site of a wound which itself helps in stopping the possibility of bleeding to death if you got cut. A jelly-like clot would be formed until it dries into a scab.

Question 31

What is the double circulatory system?

Answer 31

The double circulatory system is basically having two loops in our bodies. These loops allow blood to circulate throughout our body. One of these loops is oxygenated where blood is filled with oxygen, the other is deoxygenated, this is where oxygen returns after delivering oxygen to other parts of the body.

Question 32

What do the arteries do?

Answer 32

Arteries carry blood away from your heart to the organs of your body. Arteries stretch when blood is forced through them, this is felt as a pulse. It is more dangerous if an artery is cut as it’s under pressure and, the blood will spurt out every time the heart beats.

Question 33

What do the veins do?

Answer 33

Veins carry blood away from the organs and towards the heart. They are much thinner than arteries and the blood they carry is usually low in oxygen. Veins don’t have a pulse.

Question 34

What do the capillaries do?

Answer 34

Capillaries are what help link the arteries and veins as they form a huge network of tiny vessels. These networks allow nutrients to be easily diffused into your cells. It also helps with passing substances like carbon dioxide into the blood through these capillaries.