Year 9 (and 10) - Cell Structure And Transport Flashcards
What does the A,I,M Triangle look like?
I
AM
Whats the magnification formula?
Size of image
Over
Size of real object
Whats the size of real object formula
Magnification
Whats the formula for size of image?
Magnification x size of real object
What are the features of an animal cell?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
What does a plant cell have that a animal cell doesn’t?
Cell Wall, Chlorophyll, Permanent Vacuole
How do you convert micrometers into millimetres?
divide by 1000
What does the nucleus (in the animal cell) do?
Controls the cell
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions take place
What does a higher concentration rate do to diffusion rates?
Diffusion will occur faster as it overall increases the speed of the spreading of particles.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is where particles move from a place of high concentration to an area of low concentration
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
It increases the rate of diffusion.
How does the surface area of the exchange surface affect diffusion.
It will overall increase the rate as more particles can enter one area at a time due to more space to enter
What is water potential?
Water potential is the ability for water to move freely
What prevents water from moving freely?
Solutes
What has more water potential?
Pure Water or Solute Water?
Pure Water
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.
Hypertonic Definition?
It’s where the outside of a cell is higher than the internal concentration
Hypotonic
When the outside concentration of the cell is lower than the internal concentration.
State what lysis means
It’s the disintegration of the cell because of a rupture in the cell wall or membrane.
State what crenation is
It’s where a cell undergoes shrinkage and becomes shrivelled and smaller.
State what plasmolysis is
Plasmolysis is where the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
Active Transport
Active Transport is what occurs in cells to move substances around. (From low to high concentration)
What are the features of an artery?
Tick layer of muscle and elastic fibres, small lumen, thick walls
What are the features of veins
Often have valves, large lumen, relatively thin walls
What are the features of a capillary
Walls are a single cell thick, tiny vessels with narrow lumen
What is the blood plasma? What does it do? What is in it?
Blood plasma is a yellow liquid. This liquid transports your blood cell and other substances around your body. It’s a form of transportation. Waste carbon dioxide produced by cells is carried to the lungs by it.
What are red blood cells? What do they look like?
Red blood cells carry air, from the lungs, around the body to cells that need it. Red blood cells are shaped like biconcave discs. RB cells also contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen, this helps with the transportation process.
What are white blood cells? What do they do? What do they look like?
These cells are much larger than red blood cells but, there are much less of them. They are part of the body’s defence system. White blood cells contain nucleuses. There are different types of white blood cells to help with different situations such as one which forms antitoxins.
What are platelets? What are they like? What do they do?
Platelets are small fragments of cells with no nucleus. They help the blood to clot the site of a wound which itself helps in stopping the possibility of bleeding to death if you got cut. A jelly-like clot would be formed until it dries into a scab.
What is the double circulatory system?
The double circulatory system is basically having two loops in our bodies. These loops allow blood to circulate throughout our body. One of these loops is oxygenated where blood is filled with oxygen, the other is deoxygenated, this is where oxygen returns after delivering oxygen to other parts of the body.
What do the arteries do?
Arteries carry blood away from your heart to the organs of your body. Arteries stretch when blood is forced through them, this is felt as a pulse. It is more dangerous if an artery is cut as it’s under pressure and, the blood will spurt out every time the heart beats.
What do the veins do?
Veins carry blood away from the organs and towards the heart. They are much thinner than arteries and the blood they carry is usually low in oxygen. Veins don’t have a pulse.
What do the capillaries do?
Capillaries are what help link the arteries and veins as they form a huge network of tiny vessels. These networks allow nutrients to be easily diffused into your cells. It also helps with passing substances like carbon dioxide into the blood through these capillaries.
