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Geography > Year 8 Weather Test > Flashcards

Year 8 Weather Test Flashcards

1
Q

Define weather

A

The daily conditions in our atmosphere

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2
Q

Define climate

A

The average conditions in the atmosphere of a place over a long period of time (usually 30 years or more)

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3
Q

Name the different components of weather

A 
Cloud cover
Precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, hail)
Temperature
Humidity
Air Pressure
Hours of Sunlight
Wind direction
Wind speed
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4
Q

Temperature:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are the instruments cited

A

What is it:The relative warmth of the air
How is it recorded: Degrees centigrade (Celsius)
Using a min/max thermometer
Where are the instruments cited: Inside a Stevenson screen

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5
Q

Humidity:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are the instruments cited

A

What is it: Amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere
How is it recorded: Percentage using a Hygrometer
Where are the instruments cited: Inside a Stevenson screen

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6
Q

Precipitation:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are they instruments cited

A

What is it: Moisture which gets deposited from the atmosphere
How is it recorded: Millimeters using a Rain Gauge
Where are the instruments cited: In an open area away from trees and buildings

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7
Q

Wind Speed:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are they instruments cited

A

What is it: Moving air caused by differences in air pressure
How is it recorded: N, E, S, W by Wind Vane
Where are the instruments cited: In the open, away from shelter, several metres above ground

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8
Q

Wind Direction:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are they instruments cited

A

What is it: The direction of the wind
How is it recorded: Km/hour, mph, or knots by anomometer
Where are the instruments cited: In the open, away from shelter, several metres above ground

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9
Q

Sunshine:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are they instruments cited

A

What is it: Hours of sunlight
How is it recorded: Hours of sunshine by Campbell-Stoky Sunshine Recorder
Where are the instruments cited: On a rock, away from shelter

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10
Q

Air Pressure:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are they instruments cited

A

What is it: Weight of a column of air on the earth’s surface
How is it recorded: Millibars by a barometer
Where are the instruments cited: Inside a Stevenson Screen

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11
Q

Cloud Cover:
What is it
How is it recorded
Where are they instruments cited

A

What is it: The amount of sky covered in cloud
How is it recorded: Oktas, computers or visual
Where are the instruments cited: On a roof, away from shelter

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12
Q

Types of rainfall:

A

Relief Rainfall: Air can’t go through mountains so it has to go over causing relief rainfall.

Convection Rainfall: The sun’s heat heats the ground so the air rises and causes water to evaporate more quickly.

Frontal Rainfall: Cold and hot air cannot mix so when warm air masses meet cooler ones the warmer, less dense air is forced to rise over the top.

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13
Q

Why does it rain?

A

Water from rivers and lakes evaporates into the air. The air rises. This can be caused by 3 different things:
1. Mountains
2. Heat from the sun
3. Weather fronts
When the air holding the water vapour rises, it cools. Warm air can hold more water vapour than cold air, so when the air rises and cools the water vapour condenses. This process causes clouds to form. The point at which the air is saturated and cannot hold any more water vapour is called the dew point. At this point it rains.

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14
Q

Dew point

A

Point at which the air is saturated and cannot hold any more water vapour.

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15
Q

What causes evaporation?

A

Mountains
Heat from Sun
Weather fronts

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16
Q

Relief Rainfall

A

Air can’t go through mountains so it has to go over causing relief rainfall.

17
Q

Convection Rainfall

A

The sun’s heat heats the ground so the air rises and causes water to evaporate more quickly.

18
Q

Frontal Rainfall

A

Cold and hot air cannot mix so when warm air masses meet cooler ones the warmer, less dense air is forced to rise over the top.

19
Q

Air Masses the Influence the UK

A

Polar Maritime: Cold and Wet, Comes from Greenland and Arctic Ocean

Arctic Maritime: Cold and Wet, Comes from Arctic

Polar Continental: Cold and Dry, Comes from Northern Russia and Sweden

Tropical Continental: Hot and Dry, Comes from Sahara Desert/North Africa

Tropical Maritime: Warm and Moist, Comes from the Atlantic Ocean

SEE DIAGRAM

20
Q

What are different types of weather

A

Rain, Hail, Foggy, Sunny, Cloudy, Thunderstorms, Windy, Hurricane, Cyclone, Snow, Tornado, Sleet, Typhoon

21
Q

What is used to represent a cold front?

A

Blue triangles

22
Q

What is used to represent a warm front?

A

Red circles

23
Q

What happens in a cold front?

A

Cold air pushes under the warm air producing strong winds and heavy rain.

24
Q

What happens in a warm front?

A

Warm air rises over cold air usually producing clouds and rain.

25
Q

What is a depression?

A

A low pressure system - when a cold mass meets a warm air mass.

26
Q

What happens to the air in a low pressure system?

A

It rises and cools

27
Q

What happens to the air in a high pressure system?

A

It sinks and warms

28
Q

What is an isobar?

A

A line connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure

29
Q

Satellite images

A

See your notes

30
Q

Key to Symbols on Synoptic Chart

A

See your notes

31
Q

What do satellite images measure?

A

weather fronts, temperature

32
Q

How is a visible satellite image different from an infrared image?

A

The infrared image shows energy as heat and they are often colorized to bring out cloud patterns. Visible satellite images look like black and white photos.

33
Q

Why can visible satellite images only be taken during the day?

A

They are produced by reflected sunlight.

34
Q

What colours indicate cold objects in satellite images?

A

white, orange, yellow, green (in order of increasing temperature)

35
Q

What colours indicate warm objects in satellite images?

A

Grey, blue, light grey, dark grey, black (from warm to warmest)

36
Q

What can you look for on a satellite image to tell you if it might be raining?

A

A large, dense cloud mass with coloured blobs.

Geography (5 decks)

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