Year 8 Rocks

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

Molten rock underground

Question 3

Lava

Answer 3

Molten rock above the ground

Question 4

Native element

Answer 4

A pure mineral

Question 5

Crystals

Answer 5

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

Question 6

MOHs scale

Answer 6

A scale used to measure the relative hardness of a mineral by its resistance to scratching. From softest to hardest, the ten minerals of the Mohs scale are talc (measuring 1 on the scale), gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, and diamond (measuring 10 on the scale

Question 7

Igneous rock

Answer 7

A rock formed by the cooling of lava and magma

Question 8

Extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 8

Igneous rocks formed outside of a volcano. Made of lava.

Question 9

Intrusive igneous rocks

Answer 9

Igneous rocks formed in the volcano. Made of magma

Question 10

Batholith

Answer 10

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 11

Erosion.

Answer 11

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Question 12

Sediment

Answer 12

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

Question 13

Floodplain

Answer 13

an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.

Question 14

Sedimentary rock

Answer 14

Rocks formed by sediments

Question 15

Coal

Answer 15

sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Question 16

Limestone

Answer 16

Sedimentary Rock formed by the compression of Dead Sea organisms.

Question 17

Conglomerate rock

Answer 17

coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts, e.g., granules, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders, larger than 2 mm (0.079 in) in diameter.

Question 18

Metamorphic rocky

Answer 18

A rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure (or both)

Question 19

Rock cycle

Answer 19

an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth’s crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.

Question 20

Mineral ore

Answer 20

A piece of rock containing a high percentage of a mineral

Question 21

Open cut mining

Answer 21

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Question 22

Underground mining

Answer 22

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 23

Palaeontologist

Answer 23

Someone who studies fossils.

Question 24

Fossil

Answer 24

A sedimentary rock formed of dead organisms. Used for fuel

Question 25

Trace fossil.

Answer 25

A footstep, poo, or partial remains, fossilised