Chapter 3- Cells

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell. Plural = nuclei.

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

The fluid found inside cells

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.

Question 5

Choloroplasts

Answer 5

oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole. Animal cells have several small vacuoles or none at all.

Question 7

Cell

Answer 7

Makes up all living things

Question 8

Light microscope

Answer 8

instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

Question 9

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 9

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

Question 10

Unicellular

Answer 10

Made up of one cell

Question 11

Multicellular

Answer 11

Made up of two or more cells

Question 12

Micrometer

Answer 12

length of one millionth of a metre

Question 13

Nanometer

Answer 13

unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

Question 14

Eukaryotes

Answer 14

Has nucleus

Question 15

Prokaryotes

Answer 15

Has nucleus

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

Question 18

Chlorophyll

Answer 18

the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

Question 20

Guard cell

Answer 20

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Question 21

Stomata

Answer 21

Openings on the underside of a plant leaf used for controlled intake and outtake of gasses

Question 22

Xylem cell.

Answer 22

Makes up the xylem which make up pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Pipelines for glucose which get transported up and down a plant

Question 24

Translocation

Answer 24

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

Th process of a cell splitting into two daughter cells

Question 26

Chromosome

Answer 26

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

Question 28

Cytokinesis

Answer 28

process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

Question 29

Antiseptic

Answer 29

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

Question 30

Disenfectant

Answer 30

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

Question 31

Antibiotics

Answer 31

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

Question 32

Epidermis

Answer 32

outermost layer of the skin