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Chemistry > Year 8 Materials > Flashcards

Year 8 Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the metals found on the periodic table?

A

In group 1, group 2 and the transition metals

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2
Q

What is the pattern of group 1 and 2 metals?

A

They get more reactive as they go down

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3
Q

Why do group 1 and 2 metals get more reactive as they go down?

A

The electrons in the outer shell are further away from the nucleus of the atom, so there is less attraction force, so they make bonds more easily

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4
Q

What gas is let off when group 1 metals react with water?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

What is the base equation for a metal reacting with an acid? Give an example

A

Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

Zinc + hydrochloric acid —> zinc chloride + hydrogen

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6
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

The breakdown of substances due to heat

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7
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When an acid and a base react to form water and a salt

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8
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change we can see happening, e.g. a change of state

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9
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A rearrangement of atoms, where they change how they bond together

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10
Q

Is a chemical change reversible?

A

No

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11
Q

Is a physical change reversible?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is an exothermic reaction? Give 2 examples

A

A reaction that gives out heat to its surroundings, e.g. combustion and respiration

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13
Q

What is an endothermic reaction? Give 2 examples

A

A reaction that takes in heat from its surroundings, e.g. thermal decomposition and photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that changes the rate of reaction but is the same once the reaction is finished

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15
Q

How can using a catalyst reduce energy used?

A

Using a catalyst reduces the amount of energy needed to start a reaction

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16
Q

What is the chemical equation for burning?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

17
Q

What are the three essential ingredients for a fire?

A

Oxygen, heat and fuel

18
Q

Where are the different parts of the periodic table found?

A

Group 1-2 - Alkali metals, group 3-6 - Transition metals, group 7 - Halogens, group 8/0 - Noble gases

19
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in a compound

20
Q

What metals will produce a very high potential difference?

A

Metals far apart on the reactivity series

21
Q

List the order of metals in the reactivity series

A

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, Copper, Silver, Gold, Platinum

22
Q

How can you get pure iron from iron oxide?

A

Add carbon to it. Since carbon is more reactive than iron, it will displace it and you will end up with pure iron.

23
Q

What is limestone used for in a blast furnace?

A

It combines with impurities in the iron oxide to form a liquid called slag

24
Q

What is corrosion?

A

A natural process that turns a refined metal into its more stable form, usually reacting with oxygen to form a metal oxide

25
Q

What metals corrode the easiest?

A

Metals high up on the reactivity series

26
Q

What is rust?

A

A reddish or yellowish brown coating of iron oxide that forms on iron and steel

27
Q

What conditions make rust occur more quickly?

A

Moisture, dilute hydrochloric acid and salt water

28
Q

How can corrosion be prevented?

A

By protecting the metal surface with items such as paint or oil sealant

29
Q

Why does aluminium not corrode?

A

It is covered by a natural layer of aluminium oxide, which prevents it from coming into contact with oxygen

30
Q

What are composite materials?

A

Materials made from two or more materials with significantly different properties that produce a material with different characteristics.

31
Q

What are ceramics?

A

Materials that are made of clay and put in a furnace

32
Q

Give some properties of ceramics

A

Insulators of heat and electricity, brittle, stiff, can withstand high temperatures

33
Q

What is a nanoparticle?

A

A particle with a size of 1-100 nanometres

Chemistry (6 decks)

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