Year 8 Grammar Flashcards
Case
This is the ending of a noun which shows what job it is doing in a sentence.
Nominative
subject, the thing doing the action
Vocative
used for addressing someone
Accusative
object, the thing having something done to it
Genitive
possessive case (of or ‘s/s’)
Dative
indirect object (to or for)
Number
Singular or plural. All the cases above exist in both singular and plural.
Gender
Latin has three - masculine, feminine and neuter. This is simply a way of categorising nouns.
Declension
a family of nouns (or adjectives) which form their endings in the same way.
Adjectives
Adjectives have to have the same number, case and gender as the noun that they’re describing. They come after the noun, unless they are to do with size or quality.
Adverbs
Most end in -e or -ter
Person endings
- o / -m / -i = I ego
- s / -isti = you (sg.) tu
- t = he,she,it
- mus = we nos
- tis = you (pl.) vos
- nt = they
Tense
When the action happens
Present
It is happening now e.g. portat
Imperfect
Is an ongoing, repeated or incompleted past action e.g. portabat
Perfect
A single or completed past action e.g. portavit
Pluperfect
A completed action even further back in the past e.g. portaverat.
Conjugation
1st stem ends in -a
2nd stem ends in -e
3rd stem ends in a consonant
4th stem ends in -i
Infinitive
Means to verb. Ends in -re 1st āre 2nd ēre 3rd ere 4th īre
Imperative
The form used for a command 1st -a, -ate 2nd -e, -ete 3rd -e, -ite 4th -i, -ite
Latin Word Order
In latin it goes S O V of S D O V
