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Year 8 Geography > Year 8 End of Year Exam > Flashcards

Year 8 End of Year Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Hydraulic Action?

A

This is the sheer power of the waves as they smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the rock and causes the rock to break apart.

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2
Q

What is Abrasion?

A

This is when pebbles grind along a rock platform, much like sandpaper. Over time the rock becomes smooth.

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3
Q

What is Attrition?

A

This is when rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded.

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4
Q

What is coastal erosion system of Solution?

A

This is when sea water dissolves certain types of rocks. In the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion.

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5
Q

What is the transport system of Solution?

A

When minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution. The load is not visible.

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6
Q

What is Suspension?

A

When small particles such as silts and clays are suspended in the flow of the water.

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7
Q

What is Saltation?

A

Where small pieces of shingle or large sand grains are bounced along the sea bed.

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8
Q

What is Traction?

A

Where pebbles and larger material are rolled along the sea bed.

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9
Q

How the landforms of coastal erosion are created?

A

By erosion (the wearing away of land by waves and wind) or by deposition (the building up of land through deposits of sand and other materials).

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10
Q

What an employment structure is and how it changes over time?

A

It is how the workforce is divided up between the three main employment sectors - primary, secondary and tertiary.

Employment structures change over time. Countries in the early stage of development usually have a high percentage of the population in primary employment.

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11
Q

What are the types of erosion?

A

Hydraulic action

Abrasion

Attrition

Solution

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12
Q

What are the types of sediment Transportations?

A

Traction

Saltation

Suspension

Solution

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13
Q

What is the Demographic Transition model?

A

It is a simplified way of looking at how population is changing and has changed around the world.

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14
Q

What is the birth rate high like in stage 1?

A

High

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15
Q

Why was the birth rate high in stage 1?

A

Lack of family planning

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16
Q

What is the death rate high like in stage 1?

A

High

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17
Q

Why is the death rate high in stage 1?

A

Bad medical care, sanitation and quality of food.

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18
Q

What is happening to the birth rate in stage 2?

A

High

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19
Q

Why is the birth rate high in stage 2?

A

High infant mortality rates
Bad family planning
Large families - culture and traditions

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20
Q

What is the death rate like in stage 2?

A

It falls rapidly.

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21
Q

Why is the death rate droping in stage 2?

A

Medical care improved
Sanitation and water supplies improve
The quality and security of food will be improved
Decrease in child mortality

22
Q

What is the birth rate like in stage 3?

A

Decreases

23
Q

What is the death rate like in stage 3?

A

low

24
Q

Why are are death rates like they are in stage 3?

A

Medical care improved
Sanitation and water supplies improve
The quality and security of food will be improved
Decrease in child mortality

25
Q

Why are birth rates like they are in stage 3?

A

Increases USE of family planning
Much lower infant mortality rates
Increased opportunity for employment in factories
Laws to make children go to school
Changes to society put more desire on material possessions than large families

26
Q

What is the birth rate like in stage 4?

A

Low

27
Q

Why is the birth rate low in stage 4?

A

Ample healthcare systems
People know their children are going to survive so they can keep their families small

28
Q

What is the death rate like in stage 4?

A

Low

29
Q

Why is the death rate low in stage 4?

A

Better health care

Better standard of living

30
Q

What is the birth rate like in stage 5?

A

Low

31
Q

What is the death rate like in stage 5?

A

Low

32
Q

Why is the birth rate low in stage 5?

A

Children are expensive

People know their children are going to survive so they can keep their families small

33
Q

Why is the death rate low in stage 5?

A

Better health care

Better standard of living

34
Q

What is the Clark Fisher Model?

A

Shows how the importance of different sectors is different in countries at different levels of development, over time and over space.

35
Q

What happens in the pre-industrial phase?

A

A country is mostly focused on the primary sector and the main activity is likely to be agriculture.

36
Q

What happens in the industrial phase?

A

Secondary and tertiary sectors increase in importance. Primary sector activities start to decline.

37
Q

What happens in the post-industrial phase?

A

Manufacturing starts to decline as the tertiary sector becomes the most important sector and quaternary industries start to develop. Only a very small percentage of the overall population will now be involved in primary industries.

38
Q

What are Primary sector jobs and examples?

A

This involves the production or extraction of raw materials and includes forestry, farming, fishing and mining.

39
Q

What are secondary sector jobs and examples?

A

It is the manufacturing of goods. For example, the north west of England used to have a thriving textile industry making cloth from cotton, China has a thriving manufacturing sector producing electronics, and Germany is one of the largest manufacturer of cars.

40
Q

What are tertiary
sector jobs and examples?

A

It involves providing services to people, for example a cleaner or a doctor.

41
Q

What are quaternary sector jobs and examples?

A

It is the newest sector and focuses on knowledge-based industries or high-tech industries such as ICT (information and communication technologies) and research and development.

42
Q

What are the social changes that have occurred in the UK that have caused the changes in the demographic transition model?

A

Medical advances

43
Q

What are the main biomes?

A

Desert
Tundra
Grassland
Coniferous forest
Deciduous forest
Mountains
Plateaus

44
Q

What part of Asia has a Desert biome?

A

Gobi Desert
It stretches across huge proportions of both Mongolia and China.

45
Q

What part of Asia has a Tundra biome?

A

Siberia in Russia

46
Q

What part of Asia has a Grassland biome?

A

Hungary in the west through Ukraine and Central Asia to Manchuria in the east.

47
Q

What part of Asia has a coniferous forest biome?

A

In the middle and upper elevations of the eastern Middle Himalayas, in western Nepal, Bhutan, northern Indian states including Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim and adjacent Myanmar.

48
Q

What part of Asia has deciduous forest biome?

A

China, Japan, and parts of Russia.

49
Q

What part of Asia has deciduous forest biome?

A

Nepal
China
Pakistan
India

50
Q

What part of Asia has Plateaus forest biome?

A

Iran
Afghanistan
Pakistan

51
Q

What Ocean’s surround Asia?

A

Artic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean

Year 8 Geography (4 decks)

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