Year 5 passmed

Question 1

Histopathologically where is the inflammation in GCA and what are things are deposited in the walls on the arteries causing inflammation and later on ischaemia.

Answer 1

Histopathologically, GCA is marked by transmural inflammation of the intima, media, and adventitia of affected arteries, as well as patchy infiltration by lymphocytes, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. Mural hyperplasia can narrow the arterial lumen, resulting in distal ischemia

Question 2

4 most common causes of sudden vision loss

Answer 2

ischaemic/vascular (e.g. thrombosis, embolism, temporal arteritis etc). This includes recognised syndromes e.g. occlusion of central retinal vein and occlusion of central retinal artery
vitreous haemorrhage
retinal detachment
retinal migraine