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Formulary drugs > Year 3 drugs > Flashcards

Year 3 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aciclovir: drug class

A

Nucleoside analogue (antiviral)

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2
Q

Aciclovir: indications

A

Cold sores
Genital herpes
Eye infections
Chicken pox
Shingles

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3
Q

Aciclovir: local herpes treatment dose

A

Eye: 1cm 5 times a day, continue for 3 days after complete healing of infection
Skin: Every 4 hours, 5 time per day for 5-10 days

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4
Q

Aciclovir: Shingles dose

A

800 mg 5 times per day for 1 week

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5
Q

Aciclovir: genital herpes dose

A

200 mg 5 times per day for 5 days (continue for longer is new lesions appear). Or 400 mg 3 times per day for 5 days.

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6
Q

Aciclovir: common side effects

A
  • Headaches (oral)
  • Dizziness (oral)
  • Nausea and vomiting (IV and oral)
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7
Q

Aciclovir: metabolised by

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Aciclovir: contraindications

A

None

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9
Q

Aciclovir: can it be used in children?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Aciclovir: mechanism

A

Converted to aciclovir triphosphate via a series of kinase reactions. Aciclovir triphosphate binds and incorporates into the viral DNA and causes DNA chain termination. This inactivates the viral DNA polymerase, causing viral cell death

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11
Q

Amoxicillin: drug class

A

Penicillin

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12
Q

Amoxicillin: indications

A

Pneumonia
Hospital-acquired infection
Acute infection
Dental abscess

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13
Q

Amoxicillin: standard dose

A

500 mg tds

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14
Q

Amoxicillin: dose for prophylaxis of recurrent UTI

A

250 mg on

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15
Q

Amoxcillin: side effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhoea
  • Rash (allergy)
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16
Q

Amoxcillin: interactions

A

Methotrexate (reduced excretion rate, risk of toxicity)
Warfarin (enhances effects)
Allopurinol (increased risk of rash)

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17
Q

Amoxicillin: dose in children

A

500 mg tds (5-17 years)

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18
Q

Amoxicillin: mechanism

A

Amoxicillin is a b-lactam antibiotic. It inhibits penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which are involved in transpeptidation of the cell wall, therefore cross-linking of peptidoglycans cannot occur, leading to weakness of the cell wall and cell death.

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19
Q

Aciclovir: pregnancy?

A

Yes - safest antiviral

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20
Q

Amoxicillin: preganancy

A

Safe

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21
Q

Beclomethasone: drug class

A

Corticosteroid

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22
Q

Beclomethasone: indications

A

Oral ulcerations
Asthma
Inflammatory skin disorders

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23
Q

Beclomethasone: asthma dose

A

200-400 mcg bd
Depends on brand

24
Q

Beclomethasone: oral ulceration dose

A

50-100 mcg bd using inhaler device

25
Q

Beclomethasone: ulcerative colitis dose

A

5 mg om, max 4 weeks

26
Q

Beclomethasone: common side effects

A

Headaches
Oral candidiasis
Dry throat
Pneumonia in COPD patients

27
Q

Beclomethasone: severe side effect

A

Cushing’s disease

28
Q

Beclomethasone: contraindications

A

Systemic infections
Acne
Live virus vaccines

29
Q

Beclomethasone: counselling

A

Rinse mouth
Look out for fungal infections
Same brand
Steroid card

30
Q

Beclomethasone: mechanism

A

Prodrug, binds to GR, dimerises and translocates into nucleus to alter transcription (increase anti-inflammatory and decrease pro-inflammatory)

31
Q

Beclomethasone: Pregnancy

A

Inhalers are safe

32
Q

Aciclovir dilution solution

A

Sodium chloride 0.9%

33
Q

Amoxicillin counselling

A

Space doses evenly
Finish course

34
Q

Amoxicillin dilution solution

A

Glucose 5% or Sodium chloride 0.9%

35
Q

Cefalexin drug class

A

Cephalosporin

36
Q

Cefalexin uses

A

Susceptible infections
HAP
UTIs

37
Q

Cefalexin common side effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhoea
  • Stomach pain
38
Q

Cefalexin serious side effects

A
  • Severe diarrhoea with blood
  • Blood in mucus
  • Yellowing of skin
39
Q

Cefalexin - pregnancy

A

Safe

40
Q

Cefalexin cautionary labels

A

Space doses evenly
Finish the course

41
Q

Chloramphenicol drug class

A

Antibacterial

42
Q

Chloramphenicol uses

A

Eye and ear infections
Serious systemic infections

43
Q

Chloramphenicol contraindications

A

Acute porphyrias

44
Q

Chloramphenicol - pregnancy

A

Avoid

45
Q

Chloramphenicol - renal and hepatic

A

Caution

46
Q

Chloramphenicol - eye infection dose

A

1 drop every 2 hours for the first 48 hours then reduce to every 4 hours for a further 3 days

47
Q

Cefalexin dose

A

250 mg every 6 hours

48
Q

Chlorphenamine - class

A

antihistamine - drowsy

49
Q

Chlorphenamine - uses

A

Allergies

50
Q

Chlorphenamine dose

A

4 mg every 4-6 hours

51
Q

Chlorphenamine side effects

A

drowsiness

52
Q

Chlorphenamine pregnancy

A

avoid

53
Q

Chlorphenamine cautionary label

A

Drowsiness, don’t drink or drive/use machinery

54
Q

Cyclizine drug class

A

Antiemetic - H1 antagonsit

55
Q

Cyclizine uses

A

Nausea and vomiting
Morning sickness
Motion sickness

56
Q

Cyclizine dose

A

50 mg tds
1-2 hours before travelling

Formulary drugs (4 decks)

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