year 2 CR Flashcards
how to check if pt has antibodies against RBC cell membrane
direct coombes test
direct antiglobulin test
cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
idiopathy
drig (methylodpa, penicilin,
blood truasfusion
systemic lupus erythematosus
pr segment
0.04s
p wave
0.08
pr interval
0.12 to 0.22
qrs size
less 0.12
QT interval
male less than 0.45 females less than 0.47
isoelectric segment is
PR segment
1 large square is how many seconds
0.2
1 s,mall square is how many seconds
0.04
how to measure rate on ECG using squares
how many Rs in 30 squares and musltiply by 10 or number of Rs in 15 squares multiply by 5
characteristics of sinus rhytms
RR interval is regular
each P gives rise to a QRS
which lead is the stadnard lead
lead II
whta happens in the heart durin the PR interval
time from SA node to AV node (atrial depolarization)
diagnosis if RR interval irregular but normal P waves
heart block
Dx if QRS is enalrged
heart block because the signal travel theoght he myocytes and not the purkinjee fibres, so it takes longer to deporalise the ventricles.
shape of P wave in V1
biphasic
when is the QRS segment positive
in leads I and II
what are the two main layers of the VENTRICULES
endocardial muscle and epicardial muscle
which layer of hte ventricular muscle is innervated by pirkinjeefibres
the endocardial mucle. thats why it deporalises first and you see t wave so the delay and depolarization fo the epicardial muscle.
when woyld the ST segment change
if htere is a difference in contractility in the epicardail adn endocardial muscle
which ventricular layer is more susceptible to iscemia
the endocardial.
effetc of iscehmia on endocardial tisuse
slows AP. so if epicaridal muscle has a normal prfusion then you would get an inverted T wave on lead II
is inverted T wave a source for concern
not in kinds, its begning, but sign of PE or sichemia in adults.
normal if seen on lead I due to oreitnation of the heart.