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YEAR 2 CR > met week 3 > Flashcards

met week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

BMI intervals

A 
underweight less than 18.5
normal 18.5 to 24.9
overwieght 25 to 29.9
obese 30 or greater
morbidly obese 40
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2
Q

whats the correlation between BMI and body fat

A

positive relationsip

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3
Q

why are some people not obese even with high BMI

A

athletes

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4
Q

drugs linked with weight gain?

A

diabetes medicine,

mood stabilizers, corticosteroids, beta blockers

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5
Q

why does insulin lead to weight gain

A

insulin inhibits breakdown of fat
stimulates fatty acid and triaglycerol synthesis in tissue
increases uptake of triglycerides from blood into adipose tissue
decreases rate of fatty osidation in muscle and liver

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6
Q

how is insulin linked to weight

A

high insulin high weight

low insulin low weight.

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7
Q

what T2D drugs increase insulin levels

A

insulin
sulforeas (gl, gl)
T2d

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8
Q

what t2d drugs stablilize insulin levels

A

metformin

DPP IV inhibitirs (januvia, ongylyza, trajenta)

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9
Q

what t2 diabetes drugs decrease insulin levels

A

acarbose

sglt 2 inhibitirs

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10
Q

what pscyhiatric conditions is obesity associated with

A

autism schizophrenia

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11
Q

for waht conditions is the proportion higher if you also have obesity

A

hypertension

depression

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12
Q

what is syndromic monogenic obesity

A

rare condition. gene like SNRPN, prader wili syndrome, fragile x syndrome, (both autosomal dominant= but also bardet beidl asltrom syndrome which is a cilipahty

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13
Q

what is the link between cilia and obseity

A
  • primary cilium has a key role in the differentiation of adipocytes, the pathogenesisof obesity, is is some cases a defect in adipogenesis
  • the the cilia mediates leptin receptr (LEPR) signaling (an important mediator of appetite regulation and fat intake)
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14
Q

what genes are involved in non syndromic monogenic obesity

A

12 genes. that have roles in energy maintenace as part of the leptin melanocortin pathway.

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15
Q

what neuronres do insulin and leptin target

A

neuronres of the arcuate nucleus so it decresaes food intake.

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16
Q

mutation leading to polygenic obestiy

A

PPARgamma2 leading to ciliopathies

17
Q

if someone has a pear shaped body, do they have more or less visceral fat

A

less so lower risk of weight related health problems

18
Q

if someone has an apple shaped body, do they have more or less visceral fat

A

more visceral fat so hgiher risk of helath related problems

19
Q

what kind of fat do people iwth pear shaped body have

A

subcutaneous

20
Q

by how many years do obesity related diseases cut lifespan

A

by 11 years

21
Q

whats an example of an adipokine

A

leptin

22
Q

link between obesity and type 2 dibaetes

A
  • chronic inflammation
  • altered adipokine levels (high levels of leptin)
  • breakdwon of fat metabolism (accumulation of lipids in the tissue)
  • breakdwon of the regulation of glucose metabolism.
23
Q

anti obesity drug

A

orlistat (gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor. reduces absorption of dietary fat. but problematic because fat soluble vitmains wont be absrobed

24
Q

who is surgery performed on

A

patients with morbid obesity (BMI over 40) or bmi over 35 with obesity related complciations )after conventional medical treatmens failed.

25
Q

what are the two types of suregry that can be done

A

restircitve (bypass, gastric banding etc=
malabsorptive )biliopancreatic diversion, roux en y gastric bypass)
restricitve plus malabsroptive (roux en y gastric bypass)

26
Q

define atherosclerosis

A

a focal chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries. induced by lipid products and charaterised by intiimal thickening and lipid deposiiton.

27
Q

rold of CD36

A

transports excess fatty acids from blood lipids into cells-

28
Q

how is fat linked to insulin resistance

A

so cd36 trasnprots some fat into cell but if too much accumulates inside cell then you get toxic products like seramide which can block effect of insulin on receptor so you get insulin resistance

29
Q

why is arachidonic acid importnat

A

incorporated into membrane phosphlipid. , its release from the cell emmbrane also initiates inflammaiton.

30
Q

why are trans fat bad

A

they ause changes of lipoporeitns

31
Q

what is protective in terms of diet and cvd

A

flavonoids

32
Q

what is blood homoyteine

A

a risk factor for cvd. low folate or b12 causes a low methionine and high blood homocysteine

33
Q

what more importnat calorie intake or fat intake

A

calorie intake

YEAR 2 CR (3 decks)

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