Year 2 Flashcards
Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies?
Existential therapy
Cognitive behavior therapy
Choice theory/relative therapy
Behavior therapy
Existential therapy
Which humanistic approach places emphasis on the basic attitudes of the therapist?
Psychoanalytic therapy
Adlerian therapy
Person-centered therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Person-centered therapy
Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe is:
what the counseling profession endorses at present.
likely to be a reality by the year 2020 when the CACREP standards are revisited.
dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.
illegal in the Northeastern region of the U.S., but not in other parts of the country.
dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.
It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to do all of the following, except:
be aware of their own cultural heritage.
have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility.
not consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate.
examine their own assumptions about cultural values.
not consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate.
Clients place more value on the personality of the therapist than on the _______.
specific techniques used.
specific words the therapist used.
therapist’s theoretical orientation.
aesthetics of the therapeutic setting.
specific techniques used.
Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them to:
heal their own psychological wounds.
gain an experiential sense of how to control the therapeutic session.
understand their own needs and motives and how to heal them while counseling others
learn how to work through their own personal conflicts while counseling others.
heal their own psychological wounds.
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except:
counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.
counselors feel comfortable with their clients’ values and beliefs.
counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.
counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when necessary or appropriate.
counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.
According to the text, the challenge of fulfilling the spirit of informed consent is to:
tell clients about the nature of confidentiality.
strike a balance between giving clients too much information and giving them too little.
convince clients that counselors know what they are doing.
teach clients about state laws that pertain to counseling.
strike a balance between giving clients too much information and giving them too little.
Both the feminist perspective and the postmodern approaches argue that diagnoses:
are an appropriate part of counseling sessions.
are generally helpful to women clients.
ignore societal contexts.
are an essential part of the medical model they follow.
ignore societal contexts.
Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be harboring anger towards women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged him to seek personal counseling to work through his issues. They are:
overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to counseling.
unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a therapist and already knows how to deal with his problems.
acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.
being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should offer to provide counseling to him and not refer him to a professional outside of the agency.
acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.
Assessment consists of:
identifying a specific mental disorder.
forming an explanation of the causes of the client’s difficulties.
evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.
gaining an account into how the client’s problems developed over time.
evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.
A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense?
Displacement
Reaction formation
Introjection
Projection
Reaction formation
One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is:
repression.
regression.
displacement.
rationalization.
repression.
The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is ________?
Fixation
Rationalization
regression
introjection
regression
Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:
displacement.
introjection.
reaction formation.
projection.
projection
Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:
oral stage.
anal stage.
phallic stage.
genital stage.
anal stage.
The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:
treat specific learning disorders.
change overt behavior.
correct irrational thinking.
the unconscious motives conscious.
the unconscious motives conscious.
The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?
Anal stage
Genital stage
Oral stage
Phallic stage
Phallic stage
Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?
To refer to the death instincts
To refer to the energy of all the life instincts
To refer to sexual abuse
To account for the aggressive drive
To refer to the energy of all the life instincts
Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?
Building friendships
Establishing intimacy
Contributing to society
Enhancing wellness
Enhancing wellness
__________ is often described as our perceptions regarding self, others, and the world, and includes the connecting themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions.
Striving for significance and superiority
Fictional finalism
Lifestyle
Holistic concept
Lifestyle
Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though it was something to which they should aspire.
In his later years, Adler recanted his beliefs about social interest and focused on addressing unconscious dynamics as the key to mental health.
The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler incorporated it into his theory.
While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
The social interest and community feeling refer to:
an individual’s attitude in dealing with their past.
a sense of identification with others without empathy.
individuals’ striving for a better future for only themself.
individuals’ awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals’ attitudes in dealing with the social world
individuals’ awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals’ attitudes in dealing with the social world
The statement “Only when I am perfect can I be secure” is an example of:
a guiding self-ideal.
something a personality disordered individual would say.
a realistic goal.
retroflection.
a guiding self-ideal.
All of the following are stages in Adlerian counseling except:
reorientation.
insight.
establishing a therapeutic relationship.
analysis of resistance.
analysis of resistance.
The process of encouragement in Adlerian counseling includes all of the following except:
helping clients focus on their resources and strengths.
helping clients become aware of their assets and strengths rather than dealing continually with their deficits and liabilities.
helping clients recognize or accept their positive qualities.
helping clients understand their liabilities and weaknesses and process them in detail.
helping clients understand their liabilities and weaknesses and process them in detail.
Which person is not associated with the existential movement?
Rollo May
Victor Frankl
Irvin Yalom
B. F. Skinner
B. F. Skinner
The central goal of existential psychotherapy is to:
decrease self-awareness.
increase self-awareness.
help clients reject the responsibility of choosing.
keep the client from experiencing authentic existence.
increase self-awareness.
Finding the “courage to be” involves:
confronting a specific phobia.
learning to be alone.
discarding old values.
developing a will to move forward in spite of anxiety producing situations.
developing a will to move forward in spite of anxiety producing situations.
Which is not an essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy?
To help clients become more present to both themselves and others
To assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence
To dispute clients’ irrational beliefs
To challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives
To dispute clients’ irrational beliefs
Philosophically, the existentialists would agree that:
the final decisions and choices rest with the therapist.
people do not redefine themselves by their choices.
a person cannot go beyond early conditioning.
making choices can create anxiety.
making choices can create anxiety.
According to the existential viewpoint, death:
makes life absurd.
makes life meaningless and hopeless.
gives significance to living.
should not be explored in therapy.
gives significance to living.
The person-centered approach’s view of human nature:
views people as basically competitive.
states that humans are driven by irrational forces.
emphasizes clients’ abilities to engage their own resources to act in their world with others.
assumes that, while humans have the potential for growth, we tend to remain stagnant.
emphasizes clients’ abilities to engage their own resources to act in their world with others.
Characteristics of a self-actualized person include all of the following, except:
welcomes uncertainty in his or her life.
has a capacity for deep and intense interpersonal relationships.
has artificial dichotomies within himself or herself.
is spontaneous and creative.
has artificial dichotomies within himself or herself.
Person centered therapy is a(n):
action oriented approach to therapy.
humanistic approach to therapy.
existential approach to therapy.
deterministic approach to therapy.
humanistic approach to therapy.
The __________that recently has come into prominence shares many concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach.
positive psychology movement
object relations approach
dialectical behavior therapy approach
applied behavior analysis movement
positive psychology movement
What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?
Defining concrete and measurable goals
The therapist’s technical skills
The relationship between the client and therapist
The therapist’s ability to think logically and to scientifically solve problems
The relationship between the client and therapist
Which of the following is not considered a necessary and sufficient condition for change in the person-centered framework?
Unconditional positive regard
Creative expression
Accurate empathetic understanding
Congruence
Creative expression
Behavior therapy assumes that:
behavior is the result of unconscious forces.
behavior is the result of free choices.
behavior is determined by psychic energy.
behavior is learned.
behavior is learned.
Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?
The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
The relationship is considered collaborative.
Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.
The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.
The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
All of the following are functions of the behavior therapist, except:
to provide modeling for the client.
to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment.
to assess specific behavior problems.
to provide reinforcement for clients.
to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment.
Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy?
The client must be an active participant.
The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
If clients are not involved or motivated, the chances are slim that therapy will be successful.
Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals
The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client’s fearful experiences?
Assertive training
Operant conditioning
Systematic desensitization
Social reinforcement
Systematic desensitization
The cognitive behavioral approach to therapy stresses:
support, understanding, warmth, and empathy.
awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing.
thinking, assessing, deciding, analyzing, and doing.
subjectivity, existential anxiety, self-actualization, and being.
thinking, assessing, deciding, analyzing, and doing.
The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:
antecedent, behavior, consequences
activating events, behaviors, cognitions.
antecedent, belief, cognitions.
activating event, belief, consequence.
activating event, belief, consequence.
According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?
Blame
Resentment
Rage
Unfinished business
Blame
Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis’s three basic musts?
“I must do well and be loved and approved by others.”
“Other people must treat me fairly, kindly, and well.”
“I must be kind to others or else I won’t be a good person.”
“The world and my living conditions must be comfortable, gratifying, and just, providing me with all that I want in life.”
“I must be kind to others or else I won’t be a good person.”
The main idea of __________ is that active incorporation of client strengths encourages clients to engage more fully in therapy and often provides avenues for change that otherwise would be missed.
cognitive therapy
strengths based CBT
Gestalt therapy
existential therapy
strengths based CBT
The main therapeutic goal of REBT is to:
minimize clients’ emotional disturbances and self-defeating behaviors.
make the unconscious conscious.
assist the client in becoming aware of his or her “being in the world.”
challenge the client in making both a value judgment and moral decision about the quality of his or her behavior.
minimize clients’ emotional disturbances and self-defeating behaviors.
Which of the following is not one of the three phases of Meichenbaum’s stress inoculation program?
The application and follow-through phase
The conceptual-educational phase
The skills acquisition and consolidation phase
The therapeutic role modeling phase
The therapeutic role modeling phase
All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except:
A) Clients make a commitment to carry out their plans.
B) A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.
C) Commitment puts the responsibility for changing on the client.
D) There is a connection between a person’s identity and their level of commitment.
B) A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.
Feminist therapists, regardless of their philosophical orientation, believe all of the following except that:
A) human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations.
B) the client-therapist relationship should be an egalitarian one.
C) gender is at the core of therapeutic practice.
D) empowerment of the individual and societal changes are core goals of therapy.
A) human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations.
A solution-oriented therapist might ask her client, a compulsive shopper, which of the following questions?
A) If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different?
B) Who in your family is most affected when you go on a spending spree?
C) Who has the best shoe sale this week, Macy’s or Nordstrom’s?
D) At what point in your life did you develop this fixation on shopping?
A) If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different?
In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:
A) to arrange for successful experience.
B) to arrive at the ultimate solution to a client’s problem.
C) to encourage clients to stretch beyond their limits.
D) to teach clients to “think big.”
A) to arrange for successful experience.
A feminist therapist is likely to become an advocate for change in the social structure by arguing for:
A) the right to self-determination.
B) the freedom to pursue a career outside the home.
C) equality in power in relationships.
D) all of these
D) all of these
The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves:
A) asking clients about those times when their problems were not present or when the problems were less severe.
B) believing that clients are the experts on their own lives.
C) trusting that solutions evolve out of therapeutic conversations and dialogues.
D) all of these
D) all of these
All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for:
A) Clients are helped to get connected or reconnected with the people they have chosen to put in their quality world.
B) Therapy is kept in the present.
C) There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.
D) There is a rejection of the notion of transference.
C) There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.
From a social constructionist perspective, change begins with:
A) understanding the roots of a problem.
B) understanding and accepting objective reality.
C) disputing irrational beliefs.
D) deconstructing the power of cultural narratives.
D) deconstructing the power of cultural narratives.
Who was the first person of the modern era to do family therapy?
A) Satir
B) Minuchin
C) Haley
D) Adler
D) Adler
In Gestalt Theory the figure refers to which of the following?
A) The person
B) The environment
C) The background
D) The salient aspects of the person’s life
D) The salient aspects of the person’s life
Stephanie, who believes strongly in feminist principles, is working in an agency that requires therapists to diagnose their clients using the DSM. Stephanie is likely to consider which of the following questions?
A) If my client is diagnosed with a personality disorder, will the insurance company cover long-term treatment?
B) Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned?
C) Does my client suffer from Axis I or Axis II psychopathology?
D) When is the next DSM being published? I can hardly wait. What a great read!
B) Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned?
The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy?
A) Minuchin’s structural family therapy
B) Satir’s human validation process model
C) Bowen’s multigenerational family therapy
D) Haley’s strategic family therapy
B) Satir’s human validation process model
Which of the following approaches contends that the nature of the human condition includes self-awareness, freedom of choice, responsibility, and anxiety as basic elements?
A) reality therapy
B) existential therapy
C) person-centered therapy
D) Gestalt therapy
B) existential therapy
All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for:
A) formula first session task
B) the miracle question
C) exception questions
D) using the reflecting team
D) using the reflecting team
Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening to them?
A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalytic therapy
C) existential therapy
D) Adlerian therapy
C) existential therapy
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the scientific method?
A) person-centered therapy
B) behavior therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) reality therapy
B) behavior therapy
Narrative therapy can be applied to:
A) depression.
B) relationship concerns.
C) eating disorders.
D) all of these.
D) all of these.
What is one reason genograms are a helpful family assessment?
A) pictures are easier than talking for some families
B) the family structure and stories will be presented in a clear and orderly manner
C) this allows one family member’s perspective to guide the process over the rest of the family
D) there are symbols for talking about family members who are estranged from the family
B) the family structure and stories will be presented in a clear and orderly manner
Which of the following approaches to therapy is best suited for helping people to create an alternative life story?
A) Adlerian therapy
B) behavior therapy
C) narrative therapy
D) person-centered therapy
C) narrative therapy
Which of the following approaches challenges social and cultural injustices that lead to oppression of certain groups?
A) psychoanalytic therapy
B) family systems therapy
C) person-centered therapy
D) narrative therapy
D) narrative therapy
The common factors approach to psychotherapy integration does NOT:
A) synthesizes important aspects of two or more theories.
B) emphasizes the importance of spirituality in counseling.
C) supports the notion of remaining theoretically consistent and technically eclectic.
D) all of these
D) all of these
Of the following, which is not an assumption shared by the cognitive behavioral and feminist therapy approaches?
A) viewing the therapeutic relationship as collaborative
B) helping clients to take charge of their own lives
C) commitment to demystifying therapy
D) assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change
D) assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change
What type of boundaries results in disengagement?
A) flexible boundaries
B) rigid boundaries
C) clear boundaries
D) shrinking boundaries
B) rigid boundaries
The common factors approach emphasizes:
A) factoring out which things do not fit the integrated approach
B) finding factors you like about two different theories
C) how many theories you can fit into one session
D) common elements across different theoretical systems
D) common elements across different theoretical systems
In Gestalt Theory the ground refers to which idea?
A) The things in one’s life that are out of awareness
B) The things that are salient in one’s life?
C) The person
D) The person’s family
A) The things in one’s life that are out of awareness
The first step in the process of reality therapy consists of a comprehensive assessment leading to a specific diagnosis.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Feminist therapists restrict their practices to women clients.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Reality therapy is a popular approach in correctional work.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist?
A) intervening in ways designed to transform an ineffective structure of a family
B) being a stage director
C) mapping the underlying structure of a family
D) giving voice to the therapist’s own impulses and fantasies
D) giving voice to the therapist’s own impulses and fantasies
In feminist therapy, adjustment rather than transcendence is a primary goal of therapy.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid personality. Her solution-oriented therapist would be most inclined to:
A) prescribe medication for her anxiety issues.
B) ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.
C) explore her early childhood experiences with being rejected.
D) consider her irrational belief to be indicative of psychopathology.
B) ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.
Reality therapists maintain that clients will not change unless they assume a self-critical attitude.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Feminist theory differs from traditional theories in which way?
A) Feminist theory is concerned with how the person creates their own difficulties.
B) Feminist theory is concerned with the social and cultural context in understanding individual’s problems.
C) Feminist theory seeks to look at complex subconscious processes and make them conscious.
D) Feminist theory was created by male psychologists.
B) Feminist theory is concerned with the social and cultural context in understanding individual’s problems.
Historically, feminist psychotherapy groups were a vehicle for consciousness-raising.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective?
A) strategic family therapy
B) experiential/symbolic family therapy
C) human validation process model
D) Bowenian family therapy
D) Bowenian family therapy
Who is most noted for her contributions to the development of feminist therapy?
A) Miriam Polster
B) Laura Brown
C) Laura Perls
D) Natalie Rogers
B) Laura Brown
Robert Wubbolding stresses the importance of an engaging therapeutic environment.
A) True
B) False
A) True
An emergence of a need, sensation, or interest, which upsets the equilibrium in Gestalt theory refers to which of the following concepts?
A) The figure
B) The ground
C) Organismic self-regulation
D) Field theory
C) Organismic self-regulation
Feminist therapists do not tend to engage in self-disclosure because of their concern over unduly influencing the client.
A) True
B) False
B) False
A limitation of reality therapy as it applies to multicultural counseling is:
A) the concept of the quality world is abstract and lacks cross-cultural appeal.
B) oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.
C) reality therapists do not tend to practice in non-western cultures.
D) this therapy provides specific tools to help clients make the changes they desire.
B) oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:
A) identifying behavioral goals to guide the therapy.
B) maintaining a stance of neutrality.
C) siding with one member involved in the triangle.
D) engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust.
B) maintaining a stance of neutrality.
Which of the following is not true in Gestalt theory?
A) The present is more important than the past or the future.
B) It is existential and phenomenological.
C) It attends to thoughts, feelings, behavior, body, memory, and dreams.
D) Family dynamics and relationships are central
D) Family dynamics and relationships are central
Which is not a key concept of feminist therapy?
A) the personal is political
B) commitment to confronting oppression
C) the counseling relationship is egalitarian
D) women’s problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective
D) women’s problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective
In narrative therapy, the role of the client is to create, explore, and co-author his or her evolving story.
A) True
B) False
A) True
The focus of strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than on dealing with present problems of a family.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Because feminist therapy is pro-woman, it does not work as easily with men.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which theory believes that healing takes place in the context of mutually empathic, growth-fostering relationships?
A) Feminist theory
B) Gestalt Theory
C) Reality Theory
D) Relational Cultural Theory
D) Relational Cultural Theory
In Relational Cultural Theory (RCT), which of the following is not a part of growth fostering relationships?
A) mutual empathy
B) oppression and privilege
C) mutual empowerment
D) authenticity
B) oppression and privilege
Which theory furthered Roger’s concept of empathy?
A) Postmodern theory
B) Gestalt theory
C) Relational Cultural Theory
D) Feminist theory
C) Relational Cultural Theory
The central relational paradox relates to which of the following ideas?
A) Despite yearning for connection, belonging, and social inclusion, that people employ strategies resulting in further disconnection and isolation because of feelings of heightened vulnerability.
B) That therapists may seek out connection with their clients, but unless the client is willing to reach back, connection cannot be achieved.
C) People grow through and toward relationships.
D) Despite our best efforts for connections, we cannot control that other people may or may not accept our efforts.
A) Despite yearning for connection, belonging, and social inclusion, that people employ strategies resulting in further disconnection and isolation because of feelings of heightened vulnerability.
Which of the following is true about the body in Gestalt theory?
A) Blocks may show as tension in the body, posture, gestures, etc.
B) All health issues have an emotional root.
C) Clients are often disconnected from their body and reconnection is important for healing.
D) The body is not an important aspect of the theory.
A) Blocks may show as tension in the body, posture, gestures, etc.
Which of the following groups, in the 1920s and 1930s, worked with families from an educational perspective to help them to better understand the dynamics of their family situation?
Family Life Specialists
Family Counselors
Marriage Counselors
County Home Extension Agents
County Home Extension Agents
In which theory of family therapy is it proposed that human suffering is embedded within a biopsychosocial-cultural framework?
Contextual Therapy
Strategic Therapy
Biopsychosocial Family Therapy
Structural Family Therapy
Contextual Therapy
This approach, developed by Carol Anderson (1988), is used with families that have a member with schizophrenia. Attention is given to teaching family members about multiple aspects of mental illness in a day-long survival skills workshop.
Therapeutic conversations model
Reflecting Team Approach
Psychoeducational Model
Internal Family Systems Model
Psychoeducational Model
Families may respond to change by using positive feedback loops, which are loops that:
promote a return to the status quo
promote change
promote appreciation for each other
accommodate to new situations and challenges
promote change
Circular causality differs from linear causality. In linear causality, _____.
each family member’s actions influence others
family member’s actions move in one direction only
family member’s actions are complementary
family member’s actions are interrelated
family member’s actions move in one direction only
Which of the following groups is considered the second happiest group?
Singles
Newly weds
Couples with adolescents
Couples who recently launched their children
Singles
Members of healthy families often use humor, soothing comments, or changes of subject to steer difficult family conversations in positive directions. This process of redirecting difficult conversations is known as:
redirection
repair
relating
re-authoring
repair
Useful family characteristics for coping with stress include all the following except:
lack of physical violence
identification of the family member who caused the problem
solution oriented rather than blame oriented
open and clear communication
identification of the family member who caused the problem
Which of the following is accurate about balanced families in terms of cohesion and adaptability?
They are enmeshed and rigid.
They are chaotic and disengaged.
They are connected and rigid.
They are flexible and connected.
They are flexible and connected.
A large and rapidly growing segment of the population is
single-parent families formed through divorce
single-parent families formed through death
single-parent families formed through abandonment
single-parent families formed through choice
single-parent families formed through choice
The structure of most blended families initially includes:
clear romantic and negative feelings
a weak couple subsystem
a unified parental subsystem
clear boundaries
a weak couple subsystem
All of the following are true regarding successful outcomes of therapy for single-parent families, EXCEPT:
The single-parent family becomes a blended family.
The family manifests more competence in dealing with external environment and is more confident interpersonally and intrapersonally.
The family makes better financial and remarriage decisions.
The family utilizes their resources as well as community resources more fully.
The single-parent family becomes a blended family.
Culture is:
a multidimensional concept that encompasses the collective realities of a group of people.
a family, tribe, people, or nation belonging to the same stock.
a bidirectional process in which beliefs and values of one group transfer to another group.
the transient perception or view of a specific group
a multidimensional concept that encompasses the collective realities of a group of people.
Which of the following is true regarding Latina/o couples and families relative to mental health?
Latina/o families and couples experience low rates of mental health issues and, therefore, utilize mental health services sparingly.
Latina/o families and couples experience a high rate of mental health issues and, therefore, utilize mental health services at a higher rate than other ethnic/racial minority groups.
Latina/o families and couples experience a high rate of mental health issues, but utilize mental health services at a lower rate than other ethnic/racial groups.
Latina/o families experience a low rate of mental health issues, but utilize mental health services at a higher rate than other ethnic/racial groups.
Latina/o families and couples experience a high rate of mental health issues, but utilize mental health services at a lower rate than other ethnic/racial groups.
“WASP” families, according to the text, are known for their _____________.
high levels of emotional expressivity
collectivistic orientation
homogeneity
tendency to suppress thoughts and feelings.
tendency to suppress thoughts and feelings.
There are five primary models and resources for making ethical decisions. They include all the following EXCEPT:
educational resources
professional consultation
action-oriented research
codes of ethics
action-oriented research
Most marriage and family therapy clients are
Men
Women
Childless couples
dysfunctional families
Women
Jill, a family therapist, has been struggling with a great deal of interpersonal and financial stressors since she and her husband decided to separate. Jill believes she can bracket these issues when working with clients. When her financial situation was better, she took on a number of pro bono families. Now, she’s thinking of terminating with some of her pro bono clients so that she can open up space for paying clients. Which metaethical principle regarding loyalty would Jill potentially be breaking if she followed through with this plan?
Justice
Nonmaleficence
Fidelity
Beneficence
Fidelity
SOLER is an acronym which describes effective interactive skills for therapists. In this acronym, the “R” stands for:
relax and feel comfortable
establish roles
reframe
respect the family
relax and feel comfortable
The Jones family tend to be over involved in each others’ lives, both physically and psychologically. This is called:
Healthy attachment
Unhealthy triangulation
Enmeshment
Distancing
Enmeshment
_______ refers to something for something, such as children agreeing to do chores if the parents make Saturday dinner a pizza dinner.
Reframing
Paradox
Circular questioning
Quid pro quo
Quid pro quo
The overall goal of marriage enrichment, education, and enhancement programs is to:
settle disputes or dissolve marriage in nonadversarial ways
improve the functioning and quality of marriages
explore intrapsychic processing
resolve family of origin issues
improve the functioning and quality of marriages
Mediation, when compared to divorce proceedings, is _____.
quicker
less costly
less hostile
all of the above
all of the above
Dave, a couples therapist focuses on making interventions with at-risk groups in order to prevent problems. In what type of prevention is Dave engaged?
Universal
Selective
Indicated
None of the above
Selective
Provoking family members to open up and say what is on their mind is a technique known as:
focusing on strengths
complementarity
family projection process
tickling of defenses
tickling of defenses
Which of the following is the objective of dream analysis in psychodynamic family therapy?
From a Jungian, spirituality perspective, dream analysis helps therapists determine the collective spiritual connectedness/disconnectedness of family members.
Dream analysis helps family members and therapist predict future opportunities and challenges of a family.
Having family members discuss their dreams allows for analysis of unmet needs within the family.
Contrary to media depictions, dream analysis does not occur in psychodynamic family therapy.
Having family members discuss their dreams allows for analysis of unmet needs within the family.
Bill expresses a deep passion for fidelity and loyalty in marriage by frequently expressing his admiration and love for his wife on bumper stickers and social media posts. Acquaintances of Bill are shocked to learn that he was caught in a sting operation in which he was soliciting a prostitute. The inconsistencies in Bill’s expressions and behaviors could be conceptualized as which defense mechanism?
Displacement
Dissociation
Reaction formation
Intellectualization
Reaction formation
_____ is a frequent way of dealing with anxiety in which tension between two persons is projected onto another object.
family projection process
multigenerational transmission process
emotional cut off
triangulation
triangulation
When Bowen family therapists are working to help people, especially couples, separate their feelings from their intellect, they are engaging in ______________________.
Fusion
Bifurcation
Detriangulation
Cutoffing
Detriangulation
Which of the following statements reflect Bowen’s belief in discouraging emotional reactions to anxiety experienced in therapy?
Bowen therapists instruct family members to address each other directly as opposed to talking about someone through the therapist.
Bowen instructed family members to look at and talk to the counselor and not to each other.
Bowen instructed emotionally reactive family members to take a three day hiatus from the family in order to cool down.
None of the above.
Bowen instructed family members to look at and talk to the counselor and not to each other.
A basic premise of behavioral family therapy is:
all behavior is learned
underlying causes should be the target of change
all family members must be treated
the importance of insight in the change process
all behavior is learned
Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral family therapy are focused on:
the present
the past
the future
all of the above
the present
Which of the following involves learning in small, gradual steps?
Reciprocity
Shaping
Systematic desensitization
Operant conditioning
Shaping
Experiential family therapy is interested in exploring:
the past
the present
the past and the present
the future
the present
_____________ is a general term for a variety of therapeutic interventions that use play media as the basis for communicating and working with children.
filial therapy
play therapy
child therapy
experiential therapy
play therapy
_______________________, according to Satir, concentrates on revealing to family member the source of their old learning, enabling family members to develop a more realistic picture of who their parents are as persons, and setting up ways for family members to discover their respective personhoods.
Sculpting
Family reconstruction
Play therapy
Filial therapy
Family reconstruction
“Unbalancing” involves:
realigning relationships between subsystems
therapeutic neutrality
restorying the family’s narrative
taking sides
taking sides
An alliance between specific family members against a third member is called a(n):
rigid boundary
alignment
coalition
dysfunctional set
coalition
In which technique do therapists ally with a subsystem to support an individual or subsystem against the rest of the family?
Unbalancing
Balancing
Enactment
Punctuation
Unbalancing
Goals in strategic family therapy include all the following EXCEPT:
behavior change
symptom removal
breaking up vicious cycles of interaction
instilling insight
instilling insight
Strategic family therapy has been found to be successful in treating families and their members who display such dysfunctional behaviors as ______.
enmeshment
eating disorders
substance abuse
all of the above
all of the above
__________________ is the tendency of the family to remain in its same pattern of functioning unless challenged to do otherwise.
Redundancy principle
Punctuation
Family homeostasis
Circular causality
Family homeostasis
In Solution-focused therapy, ___________ factors are not important.
causal
social
cultural
different
causal
____________________ are not involved in the problem, are not motivated to make changes, and are not part of the solution.
Visitors
Complainants
Patients
Customers
Visitors
“What good thing happened since our last session,” is an example of what kind of question used by a solution-focused therapist?
Exception question
Miracle question
Presuppositional question
Praise
Presuppositional question
The role of the therapist in narrative family therapy is:
expert
consultant
collaborator
director
collaborator
________________ breaks the habitual reading and recalling of the complaint-saturated story as residing in the person, making the problem an external entity.
Problem-saturating
Externalization
Exceptionalizing
Paradoxing
Externalization
_________ involves the redefining of lives and relationships in a new narrative.
Differentiation
Individuation
Externalization
Reauthoring
Reauthoring
In general, most individuals and families ___________ with couple and family therapy, especially when compared with control groups.
improve
worsen
stay about the same
relapse
improve
Which statement describes exploratory research?
focuses on studying changes over time
a qualitative approach used when issues are still being defined
classic research methodologies with hypotheses, dependent/independent variables with at least one variable manipulated
a qualitative approach used when issues are still being defined
What is external validity?
How accurately an instrument measures what it purports to measure.
The consistency of a measurement over time.
The susceptibility of an instrument to extraneous variables
The generalizability of an instrument
The generalizability of an instrument
A spouse or other family member on whom the abuser is most dependent and who allows the problem to continue and become worse is called a(n):
Enabler
family hero
scapegoat
lost child
Enabler
In child abuse cases, motivation for change is highest _____ an abusive act.
right after
right before
during treatment for
after treatment
right after
Which of the following is the most common form of family violence?
Parent-child abuse
Step-parent – child abuse
Sibling abuse
Grandparent-child abuse
Sibling abuse
Counseling and social work have the same basic focus.
True
False
False
Counseling is focused on illness and problems, and not on strengths
True
False
False
Becoming an NCC (Nationally Certified Counselor) in Wisconsin is a mandatory credential to practice counseling in the state.
True
False
False
Licensure for professional counselors who practice in states where counseling titles and/or practices have been written into state law is:
Not mandatory
Optional
Only available to those with undergraduate degrees in psychology
Mandatory
Mandatory
Counselor licensure is governed by:
The university from which the counselor graduated
CACREP
The federal government
State licensure boards
State licensure boards
When a licensed counselor is able to carry or transfer their license to another state or to acquire licensure in a new state without repeating the complete application process, this is called_____________.
Nationally Credentialed
Board Certified
Portability or Reciprocity
Panelled
Portability or Reciprocity
Professional Counselors are now licensed in all 50 states, Washington, DC, and two U.S. territories.
True
False
True
Many community mental health centers operate on state and federal funding. As a result, there is an need to focus on productivity, which essentially refers to ______________________.
An assessment of how invested the counselor is within the local community.
Looking at how the clinic gives back to the local community
The number of billable hours a counselor generates.
The number of licensed providers an agency or clinic employs.
The number of billable hours a counselor generates.
Often considered the founder of the counseling profession, ____________________ was instrumental in opening the Vocation Bureau in Boston in 1908.
Carl Rogers
Hannah Stone
Jesse Davis
Frank Parsons
Frank Parsons
The AMHCA (American Mental Health Counseling Association) is currently a division within the ACA (American Counseling Association).
True
False
False
The organization that offers the NCC (Nationally Certified Counselor) credential, and also owns and administers the NCE (National Counselor Examination) and the NCMHCE (National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination):
ACA
CACREP
NBCC
AASCB
NBCC
Currently within the United States, a counselor needs a specific Telehealth credential in order to practice within a Telehealth platform.
True
False
False
Considered to be one of the fast growing areas of mental health, _____________________ refers to the scientific study of what makes life worth living.
EMDR
Positive Psychology
Mindfulness Counseling
Holistic Wellness Counseling
Positive Psychology
Which of the following statements regarding social justice is true:
Social Justice is a growing force within the counseling profession.
Advocates for social justice seek to address examples of institutional oppression present in society and adversely affecting people’s lives.
Social justice is a foundational belief for counselors and serves as one of the core values of the ACA.
All of these statements are true.
All of these statements are true.
The entity in Wisconsin that oversees licensure of Professional Counselors:
The Wisconsin Counseling Association
The Wisconsin Department of Regulation and Licensing
The Department of Public Instruction
The Department of Safety and Professional Services
The Department of Safety and Professional Services
In Wisconsin, Professional Counselors are part of the MPSW Joint Board; MPSW is an acronym that stands for:
Mental Health Practitioners; Psychologists; Social Workers
Marriage and Family Therapists; Professional Counselors; Social Workers
Mental Health Practitioners; Supervisors; Working Toward Licensure
Marriage and Family Therapists; Professional Counselors; Social Workers
Theory of Practice: Set of principles or guidelines that describes and explains a particular phenomenon
Model of Practice: Describes a phenomenon or an aspect of a phenomenon
Person Centered Therapy: Theory of Practice
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Model of Practice
EMDR: Model of Practice
Matches
According to General Systems Theory (which aligns closely with the biopsychosocial model), a core principle is the belief that a change in one part of a system will result in change in other parts of the system.
True
False
True
What is the first step in the ethical decision-making model we addressed in class?
Clearly identify the problem or dilemma
Formulate a course of action
Determine whether an ethical dilemma exists
Implement and evaluate the course of action
Clearly identify the problem or dilemma
Counselor licensure is a national credential, meaning that if counselors are licensed in one state, they are automatically licensed in all 50 states.
True
False
False
Educational programs that adhere to specific educational and training standards, set by an accreditation board, are accredited programs.
True
False
True
Which of the following is not a function of clinical mental health counselors?
Prescribing psychotropic medications
Conducting assessments
Crisis management
Treatment planning
Prescribing psychotropic medications
Clinical mental health counselors working on collaborative treatment teams may provide consultation to other professionals by doing which of the following:
Exploring the importance of diversity issues for client care
Discussing mental health assessment results as they inform medical care
Providing information about possible withdrawal from substances of abuse
All of the responses are accurate
All of the responses are accurate
The ACA (2014) Code of Ethics is based on the six core principles. Which of the following is NOT one of the principles?
Nonmaleficence
Tenacity
Fidelity
Autonomy
Tenacity
Regarding professional-personal boundary conflicts, select the statement that seems most accurate and appropriate.
Counselors should avoid professional-personal boundary conflicts by never having personal relationships with their clients
Multiple relationships with clients are always therapeutically beneficial and ethically appropriate.
The process of how to engage in multiple relationships with clients is inherently skewed by our personal biases
In practice, boundaries are actually quite simple, as multiple relationships are easily avoidable.
The process of how to engage in multiple relationships with clients is inherently skewed by our personal biases
An important piece to remember when facing boundary extensions, is that seeking supervision or consultation is critical, and also grounded in ethical practice.
True
False
True
______________ might be at risk when clinical mental health counselors use electronic health record systems to document client information.
Client confidentiality
Treatment planning
Client care
None of the above
Client confidentiality
Clinical mental health counselors often work collaboratively with psychiatrists, social workers, and other mental health providers.
True
False
True
In working with a client, a counselor/supervisee often finds themself feeling inadequate and stuck in sessions. During supervision, the counselor/supervisee finds themself feeling inadequate and stuck in talking about the dynamics and process with this particular client. This is an example of:
A Boundary Crossing
A Triangle
Isomorphism
Fidelity
Isomorphism
All of the following statements about gatekeeping are true, EXCEPT:
Though supervisors are not working directly with clients, they are tasked with ensuring the welfare of the clients seen by their supervisees
Gatekeeping is a billable practice
Gatekeeping is the term used to describe the supervisor’s responsibility to intervent with supervisees who are clinically impaired or engage in conduct that would be detrimental to a client
Gatekeeping also involves supervisors monitoring their own conduct and wellbeing for burnout and impairment
Gatekeeping is a billable practice
All of the following are main questions to ask yourself when confidentiality concerns arise, EXCEPT:
Have I addressed this situation in my informed consent?
How does the ACA Code of Ethics guide the response to this type of situation?
Does maintaining confidentiality place unnecessary inconvenience on me, the counselor?
Do I have sufficient indication of risk to breach confidentiality?
Does maintaining confidentiality place unnecessary inconvenience on me, the counselor?
Exceptions to confidentiality predominantly revolve around protecting the client. First and foremost, _________ supercedes ___________.
ethics; law
law; ethics
law; ethics
Counseling positions are now being integrated into:
Physical healthcare systems
Hospital settings
Long-term care facilities
All of these responses are accurate
All of these responses are accurate
There are specific standards in the ACA Code of Ethics that mandate multicultural competence.
True
False
True
Reflection on one’s own marginalization or privilege is an important part of multiculturally competent treatment.
True
False
True
In regard to keeping records (notes) from our sessions, it is recommended by Remley and Herlihy (2014) to compose notes in a way that assumes _______________.
that you as the clinician are the only one who will be reading these records.
that anyone can access these clinical records.
that anyone can access these clinical records.
The primary organization that sets the standards for educational programs that train counselors is _____________.
ACA
CACREP
NBCC
AMHCA
CACREP
Having a code of professional ethics is one of the benchmarks that constitutes a mental health profession.
True
False
True
The first state counselor licensure law was passed in Utah, in 2002.
True
False (Virginia, 1976)
False (Virginia, 1976)
Clinical Mental Health Counseling is a _____________ area within the larger professional counseling field.
specialty
required
unregulated
specialty
The American Counseling Association was originally named the Mental Health Association.
True
False
False
In Wisconsin, a supervisor approved by the state has to have a supervision credential, and has to obtain ongoing continuing education specifically related to clinical supervision provision.
True
False
False
_____________ developed the bioecological model of human development.
Freud
Satir
Bronfenbrenner
Skinner
Bronfenbrenner
Which section of the 2014 American Counseling Association Code of Ethics informs how counselors engage with social media?
Section A
Section D
Section G
Section H
Section H
Clinical mental health counselors who have to use electronic health record systems to document their clinical encounter with clients should not be worried about protecting client confidentiality in those systems.
True
False
False
A supervision model that focuses on the the supervisory roles as teacher, counselor, and consultant, and on three supervisee skills including process, conceptualization, and personalization, is the __________ supervision model.
Developmental
Orientation-Specific
Adaptable
Integrative
Integrative
In Wisconsin, an individual with a Professional Counseling training license may be supervised by:
A Licensed Professional Counselor
A Licensed Clinical Social Worker
A Licensed Psychologist
All of these are authorized to provide supervision to a PC training license holder
All of these are authorized to provide supervision to a PC training license holder
One of the reasons that projected job prospects are so good for CMHCs relates to the _____________ .
increasing need for services in the US
movement of licensing boards to decrease the number of graduate credits needed to apply for a license
the decrease in number of mental health professionals from other mental health disciplines
increasing need for services in the US
Which of the following is a quality of an effective supervisor that is outlined in our text?
The supervisor is nice, and makes supervisees feel comfortable during supervision
The supervisor exhibits high levels of empathy, understanding, unconditional positive regard, flexibility, concern, attention, curiosity, and openness
The supervisor doesn’t waste a lot of time and energy trying to meet people where they are at
The supervisor doesn’t worry about gatekeeping issues
The supervisor exhibits high levels of empathy, understanding, unconditional positive regard, flexibility, concern, attention, curiosity, and openness
When completing a Mental Status Examination (MSE), it s common to indicate that an individual is “Oriented x 4.” Which of the following is NOT one of the orientation areas?
The weather forecast for the current day
The situation they are in
Where they are
What day it is
Who they are
The weather forecast for the current day
Research has shown that many adults with addiction disorders have a history of adverse childhood experiences.
True
False
True
Information about the people in a client’s life is nice to have, but it is not necessary to the counselor’s case conceptualization of that client.
True
False
False
Self-injurious behavior is always a sign of suicidal thinking.
True
False
False
Prochaska and DiClemente are connected to which approach?
The Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
EMDR
The Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change
Providing a safe environment for mental health recovery requires providing:
In-family focused treatments
Psychodynamic therapy
Integrative mental health service
Medication
Integrative mental health service
All of the following are essential reasons to maintain good records EXCEPT:
All of these are essential reasons to maintain good records.
Case files are tools that can be used in supervision
Records are a part of the diagnosis and treatment process
Records are required for third-party billing
All of these are essential reasons to maintain good records.
The ACA Code of Ethics states that counselors do not need to share case notes with clients, even if the client requests them.
True
False
False
Action taken by counselors to attempt to remove external and institutional barriers to client’s well-being is:
Person-centered advocacy
Social justice advocacy
Systemic advocacy
None of these responses are accurate
Social justice advocacy
Counselors are well positioned to advocate for:
All of the responses are accurate
Their client
Their profession
Marginalized groups
All of the responses are accurate
Marginalized people are frequently _________ with respect to psychopathology.
Misdiagnosed
Overdiagnosed
All of the responses are accurate
Underdiagnosed
All of the responses are accurate
A major feature of managed care is cost containment.
True
False
True
Healthcare costs have remained largely consistent in the past ten years.
True
False
False
The term _____________________ refers to how a drug is introduced into our system and makes its way throughout the body.
Neurotransmission
Reuptake
Pharmacokinetics
Psychopharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
____________ refers to the art and science involved with balancing a drug dose against the client’s symptoms.
Administration
Absorption
Distribution
Titration
Titration
The SSRIs such as Prozac, Luvox, Zoloft, Paxil, Lexapro, and Celexa, are considered:
Mood Stabilizers
First-Generation Antidepressants
Second-Generation Antidepressants
Third-Generation Antidepressants
Second-Generation Antidepressants
Which of the following statements is true regarding good clinical documentation?
Good clinical documentation is purposeful, ethical, and comprehensible
When writing in a client’s file, the client’s welfare is an ethical priority.
All of these statements are true.
Records must be created in a sufficient and timely manner to enable appropriate and continuous care.
All of these statements are true.
The processes by which the brain is remodeled in response to both internal metabolic conditions and external environmental factors is referred to as ____________.
Neuroplasticity
Cognitive growth
Lateralization
Neuronal Pruning
Neuroplasticity
Counselors do not need to engage in self-care/self-awareness efforts outside of work because clinical supervision provides them with enough guidance and support to keep themselves well.
True
False
False
You can experience both vicarious trauma and vicarious post-traumatic growth at the same time.
True
False
True
With clinical documentation, there are occasions when a counselor should bypass a succinct summary of the session and provide greater detail. The clearest example of this from the following options is:
The counselor is working with a talkative client and therefore has more content to capture.
The counselor feels as if they haven’t been putting enough detail into previous notes, and is hoping to balance this by writing more extensive notes.
The counselor determines the safety of the client or the safety of someone the client knows is in jeopardy.
The counselor is in a mood to write.
The counselor determines the safety of the client or the safety of someone the client knows is in jeopardy
TRICARE is the health insurance program that is provided to:
Military members and employees of the Federal government
Elected officials of the United States government
Employees of the United States Department of Defense
People who live in the eastern United States
Employees of the United States Department of Defense
Some of the ethical concerns regarding the use of technology-based counseling include:
Ensuring that counselors have the skills and competencies to use the technology
Ensuring that clients have the capability to use the technology
Difficulties in accurately interpreting meaning, mental status, and so forth over text
All of the above
All of the above
Medicare is the Federal health insurance program that:
Covers low income children
Covers Americans age 65+, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis and/or transplant
Covers single parent households
None of these responses are accurate
Covers Americans age 65+, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis and/or transplant
The brain’s sympathetic (fight/flight) response becomes activated by the __________, the brain’s emotional processing center.
Prefrontal cortex
Thalamus
Amygdala
Brain stem
Amygdala
Although requirements for provider status (credentialing) vary from one insurance entity to the next, counselors are generally required to:
Be independently licensed to practice in the respective state
Have no disciplinary action against them.
All of these responses are accurate.
Be carrying liability insurance
All of these responses are accurate.
Licensed counselors are eligible to be reimbursed through Medicare.
True
False
False
The acronym PHI stands for ____________.
Professional Hourly Increase
Per Hour income
Protected Health Information
Private Health Insurance
Protected Health Information
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) publishes both the DSM-5 and the ICD-10.
True
False
False
Which of the following best describes research that is informed by the counselor’s firsthand clinical experiences with their clients?
Longitudinal Studies
Empirically Supported Treatment
Practice-Based Evidence
Evidence-Based Practice
Practice-Based Evidence
Being a clinical mental health counselor should have the same meaning from state to state. A national licensure ___________ program is necessary in a world with a mobile workforce, thus emphasizing the need to ensure a minimum quality of preparation for counselors across states.
Sustainability
Verification
Portability
Certification
Portability
In 1973, the Health Maintenance Organization Act was passed and _________ was created.
Medicaid
the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Managed care
Social Security
Managed care
Sometimes individuals experience several traumas in their lifetime, or experience the compounded effects of multiple traumas occurring simultaneously. This is also referred to as complex trauma.
True
False
True
Crises may impact an individual with a mental health issue in different ways, which may be classified into four categories. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories outlined in our Watson & Schmit text?
Psychological symptoms
Interpersonal symptoms
Emotional symptoms
Spiritual symptoms
Physical symptoms
Interpersonal symptoms
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was created by __________________ in the early 2000s.
Insoo Kim Berg
Aaron Beck
Francine Shapiro
Marsha Linehan
Francine Shapiro
A number of models exist that outline operating from a trauma-informed perspective. While these models differ slightly, each posits that the first principle of working with people who have experienced one or more traumatic events is to establish a sense of ___________________.
teamwork
transparency
meaning
safety
safety
________________ is the process by which counselors gather the information they need to form a holistic view of their client and the issues with which they present.
Assessment
Diagnosis
Treatment Planning
Assessment
In addition to various specialty areas of professional counseling, the ACA also offers a variety of special-issue Interest Networks (INs), that are open to all ACA members.
True
False
True
According to materials we have explored in our course this semester, it is clear that technology-based counseling (e.g., Telehealth), will steadily decline once COVID-19 is not such a significant public health threat.
True
False
False
________________ is defined as a multidisciplinary science that integrates knowledge from various fields related to health and illness and applies that knowledge to the treatment and prevention of illness through the use of behavioral interventions.
Behavioral medicine
Integrated Care
Therapeutic Alliance
The biomedical model
Behavioral medicine
When developing a treatment plan, it is not necessary for the counselor to collaborate with the client, as the counselor is the one with the education and training to know what is most appropriate for the client.
True
False
False
In addition to benzodiazepines, certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) antidepressants may be prescribed to treat the symptoms of anxiety.
True
False
True
The gap between nerve cells where intracellular communication occurs is known as _________________.
A neurotransmitter
A dendrite
A synapse
An axon
A synapse
When working with special client populations, it is important and ethical for a counselor to:
develop a sense of safety, communicate and actively demonstrate acceptance, develop partnerships with welcoming providers, remaining open, continuing to learn, and seeking supervision/consultation when necessary.
continuously work to examine and understand their own potential biases and prejudices
avoid perpetuating messages of discrimination, marginalization, acts of insensitivity, and making assumptions about culture and values based on stereotypes
All of these responses are important and ethical for counselors to cultivate and employ when working with special client populations.
All of these responses are important and ethical for counselors to cultivate and employ when working with special client populations.
Strengthening coping strategies designed to help deal with life’s challenges is a strong predictor of a person’s sustained sobriety.
a) True
b) False
True
Involving parents or caregivers in the process of treating an adolescent of an addiction leads to more positive outcomes.
A) True
B) False
True
It is appropriate to refer a client to a traditional AA meeting without discussing spirituality.
A) True
B) False
False
A counselor’s attitude toward 12-step groups can have a significant influence on a client’s attitudes and treatment outcomes.
A) True
B) False
True
It is not critical for counselors to incorporate diversity into their referrals to 12-step programs
A) True
B) False
False
Withdrawal from alcohol is not necessarily fatal or life threatening.
A) True
B) False
False
Group work is highly effective for supporting recovery and staying sober.
A) True
B) False
True
People recovering from an addiction most often do not need a support system and can do it on their own.
A) True
B) False
False
Under the “right” circumstances, the middle part of the brain is the most powerful.
A) True
B) False
True
Denial resides in which part of the brain?
a) Brain stem
b) Prefrontal cortex
c) Amygdala
d) Hippocampus
b) Prefrontal cortex
The most commonly used drug among American aged 12 or older is:
a) Inhalants
b) Hallucinogens
c) Marijuana
d) Heroin
c) Marijuana
In an effort to view substance use on a continuum, the DSM-5 includes all substance use under:
a) Substance use disorder
b) Substance misuse
c) Substance abuse
d) Chemical dependency
a) Substance use disorder
Evidence-based practices for treatment have been ____________________.
a) Subjected to randomized clinical trials and other experimental designs
b) Found to be more effective treatment protocols
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
c) Both a and b
Which of the following does not contribute to the complexity of ethical and legal issues in substance abuse counseling?
a) Ethical Codes
b) Personal Recovery
c) Standards and Requirements
d) Federal Laws
b) Personal Recovery
Who is not bound by confidentiality?
a) The client
b) The counselor
c) The supervisor
d) The insurance company
a) The client
When faced with conflicting laws or ethical codes the substance abuse counselor should always defer to:
a) Federal laws
b) State laws
c) Ethical codes
d) The most restrictive regulation or code
d) The most restrictive regulation or code
Which law requires the sharing of patient information through encrypted systems, with significant penalties for failing to sufficiently protect client information?
a) Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA)
b) HITECH Act
c) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The individually identifiable health information that is protected by HIPAA includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Health information contained in employer records or in educational records
b) Demographic data regarding an individual’s past, present or future physical or mental health condition
c) Information related to the provision of health care to the individual
d) Payment for health care to the individual
a) Health information contained in employer records or in educational records
The __________ houses the mechanisms that most often interact with substances that cross the blood-brain barrier.
a) Cortex
b) Forebrain
c) Midbrain
d) Right Hemisphere
b) Forebrain
The limbic system is involved in _______________.
a) Basic, autonomic functions such as hormonal activity, thirst, hunger, temperature, sex drive and sleep
b) Relaying information from the upper brain-stem
c) Emotional behavior and long-term memory
d) Thought, perception, motor function, sensory data processing and vision
c) Emotional behavior and long-term memory
Marijuana affects the parts of the brain that:
a) Controls coordination
b) Relates to memory and learning
c) Relates to thinking and problem-solving
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
A dangerous date rape drug is _______________.
a) GHB (gamma-hydrxybutyrate)
b) Rohypnol
c) Ketamine
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Neuroscience studies have demonstrated that individuals addicted to cocaine have different responses in areas of the brain relevant to _______________.
a) Craving
b) Learning
c) Memory
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
_______________ of the central nervous system include ethanol, barbituates, methaqualone, meprobamate, and all benzodiazepines.
a) Depressants
b) Hallucinogens
c) Stimulants
d) Steroids
a) Depressants
Types of parenting associated with an increase in substance abuse do not include which of the following:
a) Authoritative parent
b) Neglectful parent
c) Authoritarian parent
d) None of the above
a) Authoritative parent
A major reason that an integrated approach to explaining substance abuse is becoming popular is:
a) Other theories are confusing
b) An integrated approach offers a simple explanation of cause and effect
c) No single theory offers a complete explanation for the cause of substance abuse
d) Integrated theories are concise, offering simple treatment options
c) No single theory offers a complete explanation for the cause of substance abuse
The most important part of the assessment procedure for identifying substance abuse is:
a) The diagnostic interview
b) The administration of the MAST
c) An interview with the client’s physician
d) A referral for psychological testing
a) The diagnostic interview
According to the DSM-5, the essential feature of a substance use disorder is:
a) A single representative factor indicating cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms
b) A cluster of cognitive and behavioral symptoms indicating the individual is addicted to substances
c) A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problem
d) An individual factor indicating substance abuse
c) A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problem
Beginning therapists need to be aware of problems that can interfere with diagnosis such as:
a) Development of biases about substance abusing clients
b) Therapists not recognizing comorbid conditions
c) A client’s attitude and sense of shame may create a barrier
d) A and C
d) A and C
When concerned about substance, questions family members might ask include:
a) Do you worry about how much they use drugs or drink?
b) Have you ever been hurt or embarrassed by their behavior when they are drinking or using?
c) Does their substance use keep them away from home a good deal?
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The foundation of any treatment plan is:
a) The initial treatment session establishing relationship
b) The data or information gathered in a thorough assessment
c) The goals within the treatment plan
d) An Individualized Plan for each clients’ situation
b) The data or information gathered in a thorough assessment
Detoxification is:
a) Based on the type of drugs abused and a patient’s medical condition
b) Considered the beginning of treatment
c) Begun after medical necessity is established
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
In a therapeutic alliance, the counselor is viewed as:
a) An adversary
b) Someone to be avoided
c) Someone to trust, only after a relationship has been established
d) An ally and advocate
d) An ally and advocate
An essential component is therapy, the relationship between the counselor and client is known as _______________.
a) Medical connection
b) Unconditional positive regard
c) Therapeutic alliance
d) Beneficial relationship
c) Therapeutic alliance
Common goals of counseling groups include:
a) Establishing and maintaining abstinence
b) Learning and improving coping skills
c) Developing healthy relationships
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Group counseling for substance use disorders is most effective when:
a) Therapeutic factors are present
b) Group members are provided treatment that matches their readiness to change
c) Group members are provided treatment that includes culturally appropriate interventions
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The stages of change model (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992) includes the five stages of:
a) Consciousness raising, reinforcement management, self-liberation, counterconditioning, and stimulus control
b) Self-reevaluation, helping relationship, dramatic relief, environmental reevaluation, and social liberation
c) Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
d) Precontemplation, consciousness raising, self-reevaluation, action, and maintenance
c) Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
Motivational Interviewing operates under the assumption that the _____________ possesses the required element for change.
a) Counselor
b) Group
c) Client
d) All of the above
c) Client
Common characteristics of the addictive family system include:
a) Hypervigilance
b) Secrecy
c) Denial
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Factors that impact parental chemical dependence on children include:
a) Sex of abusing parent and sex of the child
b) Length of time the parent has been actively using
c) Age of the child during the period of active use
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Relapse is now viewed as:
a) An abnormal part of the recovery process
b) A normal part of the recovery process and as a learning experience for the recovering individual
c) A failure of an individual in recovery
d) Seldom occurring when effective treatment is paired with substance-abusing clients
b) A normal part of the recovery process and as a learning experience for the recovering individual
The following strong emotions have been identified as playing an important role in the recovery process:
a) Anger and sadness
b) Anger and guilt
c) Guilt and shame
d) Fear and shame
c) Guilt and shame
Research from the National Institute on Drug Abuse indicates that signs of risk can be seen as early as _______________, including aggressive behavior, lack of self-control, or a difficult temperament.
a) Infancy or early childhood
b) Late childhood or early adolescence
c) Pre-adolescence or adolescence
d) None of the above. Signs of risks are variable.
a) Infancy or early childhood
Which of the following factors help explain the etiology of problem substance use in LGBT individuals?
a) Cultural and legal issues
b) Health issues
c) Family of origin
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Family situations also increase a child’s risk for later drug abuse, when there is _______________.
a) A lack of attachment and nurturing by parents and caregivers
b) Ineffective parenting
c) A caregiver who uses substances
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which levels of prevention for particular populations are associated with the public health model?
a) Primary, tertiary, and advanced
b) Early, secondary, and advanced
c) Primary, secondary, and tertiary
d) Early, secondary, and general
c) Primary, secondary, and tertiary
When someone has both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder or addictive, they are said to have:
a) A severe disorder
b) Dual disorders
c) Co-occurring disorders
d) A complex disorder
c) Co-occurring disorders
Criteria for behavior addiction can be organized into the category(ies) of:
a) Impaired control
b) Social impairment and risky use
c) Pharmacological criteria groupings
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
In most treatment approaches for behavior addiction, individuals are encouraged to:
a) Identify use patterns
b) Learn how to avoid or cope with triggers and high-risk situations
c) Identify lifestyle changes to reinforce healthy behavior
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
BASICS is the acronym for Brief Alcohol Screening Intervention for College Students.
Correct!
a) True
b) False
True
