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IB Psychology > Year 13 Revision Schedule > Flashcards

Year 13 Revision Schedule Flashcards

Psychology revision schedule containing all 6 topics across 3 papers: - Biological Approach - Cognitive Approach - Socialcultural Approach - Relationships - Developmental - Research Methods

1
Q

How does an MRI scan work?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: all protons are aligned in the body, then disaligned, then realigned again to produce the image.

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2
Q

How does Maguire use and MRI scanner?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A

Maguire used an MRI scanner before and after the participants completed their task to travel through London using only a map.

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3
Q

What was Maguire able to see as a result of the MRI scans?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A

Plasticity of the brain - changes to the appearance of the brain.

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4
Q

What are 2 positives of an MRI?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A
  • painless and don’t cause any harm
  • allow to see plasticity of the brain
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5
Q

What are 3 negatives of MRIs?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A
  • not available to everyone (metal implants, pregnant women) - reduces variability
  • very unnatural - low ecological validity
  • does not show areas of the brain that are active
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6
Q

What is an FMRI?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A

Works similarly to an MRI, produces an image of the brain, but also shows the specific areas of the brain that are active while the participant completes a task. Uses a blood oxygenation level dependent technique (BOLD).

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7
Q

How does Fisher use an FMRI?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A

During his “Love Study”, Fisher uses an FMRI to see the areas where Dopamine is present when participants are shown photographs of people they are in love with.

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8
Q

What was Fisher able to see from the FMRI?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A

Fisher was able to see the areas where Dopamine was present, but not how much Dopamine there was.

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9
Q

What are 2 positives of an FMRI scan?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A
  • more natural than an MRI as the participants must be completing a task or activity in order to produce an image - increases ecological validity
  • painless and does not have any side effects - high ethical value
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10
Q

What are 2 negatives of an FMRI scan?

Biological Approach - Techniques to study the brain

A
  • can see the presence of a neurotransmitter but not the volume of it
  • also cannot be used by anyone with metal implants due to the magnetic field - reduces variability
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11
Q

What is the Multi-Store Memory Model?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A

The concept that the brain is divided into separate stores for the Long Term and Short Term memory.

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12
Q

How does the Multi-Store Memory Model work?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A

Sensory Input > attention > STM > rehearsal > LTM

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13
Q

What do we know about the Short Term Memory?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A
  • holds 7+/- 2 items at a time
  • for up to 18 seconds
  • responsible for episodic memories
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14
Q

What do we know about the Long Term Memory?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A
  • infinite capacity
  • infinite time items can be held for
  • items can be retreived at any time
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15
Q

How did Milner use HM’s brain to investigate the Multi-Store Memory Model?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A

HM had surgery to remove part of his temporal lobe. She asked him a series of questions relating to both his short and long term memory.

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16
Q

What did Milner find from her research with HM?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A

Milner found that HM was able to recall information about his family and events from his past, but was unable to form new episodic memories. This proved that the Multi-Store Memory Model must consist of separate stores.

17
Q

What were 3 benefits of Milner’s research?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A
  • could be useful when researching the impacts and effects of Dementia and Alzheimer’s
  • Longitudinal study - spans over 50 years so the researcher can see the development and changes of the brain
  • HM was observed in his natural environment - high ecological validity
18
Q

What are 2 negatives of Milner’s study of HM?

Cognitive Approach - Multi-Store Memory Model

A
  • the downside of longitudinal case studies is that they cannot be replicated easily
  • retrospective in nature - there was not alot of evidence of HM’s cognitive abilities before his bike accident

IB Psychology (4 decks)

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