Cognitive Approach Flashcards
What is Cognitive Bias?
The effect the world has on thinking and decision making.
What is Encoding?
The mental process used to prepare information for memory storage.
What is Episodic memory?
The memory of an experienced event and the emotions experienced at the time; e.g. smells, sounds, how things look
What is a Flashbulb Memory (FBM)?
An emotional event that is not rehearsed but can be remembered accurately. Emotional event + Adrenaline in Amygdala = FBM
What is the Multi-Store Memory Model (MSM)?
The way that memory is divided into stores:
sensory input - (attention) - short term memory - (rehearsal) - long term memory
What is Reconstructive Memory?
The idea that memory is influenced by other cognitive processes; e.g. perception, past experience, imagination, beliefs.
What is a Schema?
Assumptions based on what we already know from experience and knowledge. Used to organise knowledge, assist recall, guide behaviour.
What is Semantic Memory?
A memory of a fact without any experience.
What is the Working Memory Model (WMM)?
The idea that short term memory is divided into its own categories (phonological loop and visuo-spatial route).
What was the Aim of Milner’s study of HM?
To understand the effects that HM’s surgery had on him.
What did Milner find in her study of HM?
HM could not form STMs because he no longer had the hippocampus responsible for creating episodic memories, but could recall events from before his surery. This shows that the STM and LTM are separate stores.
