Year 12 content Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of research methodologies used in psychology

A

investigation methodologies, controlled experimental designs and fieldwork

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2
Q

what are the two subdivisions of investigation methologies

A

psychological studies and other processes and techniques

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3
Q

what are the psychological studies

A

controlled experiments, case studies and correlational study

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4
Q

what are the other processes and techniques in research methologies

A

classification and identification, fieldwork, literature review, modelling, product, provess or system development and stimulation

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5
Q

what are the categories of fieldwork

A

qualitative interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and yarning circles

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6
Q

what is classification

A

the arrangement of phenomena, objects or events into manageable sets, used to create labels

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7
Q

what is identification

A

the process of recognition of phenomena as belonging to particular sets or possibly being part of a new or unique set, used by psychologists to then ascribe phenomena to a particular classification

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8
Q

fieldwork

A

any research that involves the observation and interaction with people and environments in real-world settings, conducted beyond a labatory, but dirst hand by the researcher

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9
Q

when is fieldwork used

A

to investigate correlation rather than causation or when it is important that data is collected in a real-world authentic setting

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10
Q

direct observation fieldwork

A

a researcher watches and listens to the participants of a study, with no direct intervention and involvement or manipulation of variables

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11
Q

qualitiative interview fieldwork

A

involve a researcher asking questions to gather in-depth information about a particular topic, theme or idea, questions are usually open ended

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12
Q

questionnaires fieldwork

A

a set or questions or prompts given to participants to answer digitally or with a pen and paper. may be open ended or closed questions. answers are then analysed by researcher

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13
Q

focus groups fieldwork

A

qualitative reserach method which involves a researcher conducting a discussion with a small group of people on a specific topic. groups are formed on the basis of some shared characteristics relevent to the discussion

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14
Q

yarning circles fieldwork

A

In ATSIP individuals, this is a traditional approach to group discussion which involves talking , exchanging ideas, reflection and deep, considered listening without judgement, more culturally appropriate when working with ATSIP individuals

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15
Q

how do yarning circles differ from a western focus group

A

unique in their emphasis on lack of judgement, letting go of percieved notions and key cultural principles. researcher is an active member of the discussion not a neutral facilitator. focus of facilitator is not to obtain knowledge for themselves byt exchange info to produce new knowledge for all members

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16
Q

literature review

A

the process of collating and analysing secondary data related to other peoples scientific findings and/or viewpoints in order to answer a question or provide background info to help explain observed events, or as preparation for an investigation to generate primary data, helps the reseracher understand the current state of scientific knowledge and progress with regards to a certain topic or phenomenon

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17
Q

when is a literature review used

A

before conducting a new study and or collecting primary data or when someone begins to research a new topic

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18
Q

modelling

A

used for understanding, problem solving or stimulating various psychological phenomena, can be psychical or conceptual

19
Q

product, process or system of development

A

the design or evaluation of an artefacr, process or system to meet a human need, which may involve technological applications, in addition to scientific knowledge and procedures

20
Q

when is product, process, or system of development used

A

when a human need has been identifed that can be served by technology or scientific knowledge and procedures

21
Q

stimulation

A

the process of using a model to study the behaviour of a real or theoretical system, useful for understanding how different variables operate in a system

22
Q

when is a stimulation used

A

when it would be too complex, impractical or dangerous to test the relationship between variables in relaity

23
Q

advantages of controlled experiments

A

draw conclusions about specific variables, high control over conditions and variables, repeated to check results, test hypothesis quicker, prevent extraneous and confounding variables

24
Q

disadvantages of controlled experiments

A

lab/highly controlled setting may not be reflective of real life, human manipulation of variables may lead to experimenter effects, time consuming/expensive to manipulate, confounding/extraneous variables can still occur

25
advantages of case studies
provide highly detailed, rich info about a particular phenomena under study, this can also provide new knowledge on other phenomena, can incorporate other scientific methodologies to gain data
26
disadvantages of case studies
results cannot be generalised to wider population, subject to researcher bias, difficult to draw conclusions about cause and effect, can be time consuming
27
what are the advantages of a correlational study
no manipulation of variables required, conducted in naturalistic settings, applicable to real world
28
disadvantages of correlational study
results cannot draw conclusions about cause and effect, subject to extraneous variables
29
fieldwork advantages
high ecological valifity conducted in a naturalistic environment, rich detailed data, broad range of methodologies, long time period means info can be uncovered that is not immediatley obvious
30
fieldwork disadvantages
can be time consumimg anf expensive, cant inform conclusions about cause and effect, difficult to replicate, difficult to control extraneous variables
31
advantages of a literature review
background info that can inform new studies and hypothesis, allows researcher to understand current knowledge, may uncover patterns or gaps of knowledge
32
disadvantages of a literature review
may be time consuming, may be difficult to do if little research has been done on a topic
33
advantages of modelling
can provide explanatory tools
34
disadvantges of modelling
as models are used to simplify and communicate ideas, they may over simplify or inaccuratley represent reality
35
advantages of product, process or system development
creates products, processes and systems that may meet a human need
36
product process or system development disadvantges
can be expensive and time consuming
37
stimulation advantages
provides insight into potential circumstances/events, allows researchers to view micro pehnomena, allows researchers to see events that otherwise might be too time consuming, dangerous or imprcatical in reality
38
stimulation disadvantages
can be time consuming and expensive, subject to programming and human error so may not be an accurate prediction/reflection of reality
39
practice effects
participants perform better in later conditions due to having done it before
40
fatigue effects
participants perform worse in later conditions due to being tired ir bored from completeing a prior task
41
robust
when the finding can be supported by multiple types of data
42
sd
how far away data points are from the mean
43
when is data more certain
when it is objective, quantitative data
44
personal error
miscalculations or mistakes made by the experimenter