Year 12 content

Question 1

what are the three types of research methodologies used in psychology

Answer 1

investigation methodologies, controlled experimental designs and fieldwork

Question 2

what are the two subdivisions of investigation methologies

Answer 2

psychological studies and other processes and techniques

Question 3

what are the psychological studies

Answer 3

controlled experiments, case studies and correlational study

Question 4

what are the other processes and techniques in research methologies

Answer 4

classification and identification, fieldwork, literature review, modelling, product, provess or system development and stimulation

Question 5

what are the categories of fieldwork

Answer 5

qualitative interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and yarning circles

Question 6

what is classification

Answer 6

the arrangement of phenomena, objects or events into manageable sets, used to create labels

Question 7

what is identification

Answer 7

the process of recognition of phenomena as belonging to particular sets or possibly being part of a new or unique set, used by psychologists to then ascribe phenomena to a particular classification

Question 8

fieldwork

Answer 8

any research that involves the observation and interaction with people and environments in real-world settings, conducted beyond a labatory, but dirst hand by the researcher

Question 9

when is fieldwork used

Answer 9

to investigate correlation rather than causation or when it is important that data is collected in a real-world authentic setting

Question 10

direct observation fieldwork

Answer 10

a researcher watches and listens to the participants of a study, with no direct intervention and involvement or manipulation of variables

Question 11

qualitiative interview fieldwork

Answer 11

involve a researcher asking questions to gather in-depth information about a particular topic, theme or idea, questions are usually open ended

Question 12

questionnaires fieldwork

Answer 12

a set or questions or prompts given to participants to answer digitally or with a pen and paper. may be open ended or closed questions. answers are then analysed by researcher

Question 13

focus groups fieldwork

Answer 13

qualitative reserach method which involves a researcher conducting a discussion with a small group of people on a specific topic. groups are formed on the basis of some shared characteristics relevent to the discussion

Question 14

yarning circles fieldwork

Answer 14

In ATSIP individuals, this is a traditional approach to group discussion which involves talking , exchanging ideas, reflection and deep, considered listening without judgement, more culturally appropriate when working with ATSIP individuals

Question 15

how do yarning circles differ from a western focus group

Answer 15

unique in their emphasis on lack of judgement, letting go of percieved notions and key cultural principles. researcher is an active member of the discussion not a neutral facilitator. focus of facilitator is not to obtain knowledge for themselves byt exchange info to produce new knowledge for all members

Question 16

literature review

Answer 16

the process of collating and analysing secondary data related to other peoples scientific findings and/or viewpoints in order to answer a question or provide background info to help explain observed events, or as preparation for an investigation to generate primary data, helps the reseracher understand the current state of scientific knowledge and progress with regards to a certain topic or phenomenon

Question 17

when is a literature review used

Answer 17

before conducting a new study and or collecting primary data or when someone begins to research a new topic

Question 18

modelling

Answer 18

used for understanding, problem solving or stimulating various psychological phenomena, can be psychical or conceptual

Question 19

product, process or system of development

Answer 19

the design or evaluation of an artefacr, process or system to meet a human need, which may involve technological applications, in addition to scientific knowledge and procedures

Question 20

when is product, process, or system of development used

Answer 20

when a human need has been identifed that can be served by technology or scientific knowledge and procedures

Question 21

stimulation

Answer 21

the process of using a model to study the behaviour of a real or theoretical system, useful for understanding how different variables operate in a system

Question 22

when is a stimulation used

Answer 22

when it would be too complex, impractical or dangerous to test the relationship between variables in relaity

Question 23

advantages of controlled experiments

Answer 23

draw conclusions about specific variables, high control over conditions and variables, repeated to check results, test hypothesis quicker, prevent extraneous and confounding variables

Question 24

disadvantages of controlled experiments

Answer 24

lab/highly controlled setting may not be reflective of real life, human manipulation of variables may lead to experimenter effects, time consuming/expensive to manipulate, confounding/extraneous variables can still occur

Question 25

advantages of case studies

Answer 25

provide highly detailed, rich info about a particular phenomena under study, this can also provide new knowledge on other phenomena, can incorporate other scientific methodologies to gain data

Question 26

disadvantages of case studies

Answer 26

results cannot be generalised to wider population, subject to researcher bias, difficult to draw conclusions about cause and effect, can be time consuming