Different types of methods

Question 1

what is the difference between a population and sample

Answer 1

the population refers to the group of people who are the focus of the research, the sample is a subset of the population who participate in tthe study

Question 2

what is an investigation methodolgy

Answer 2

any of the different processes, techniques and/or types of studies researchers use to obtain information about a psychological phenonmena

Question 3

what is a controlled experiment

Answer 3

they allow to strictly manipulate variables of interest in a controlled environment and measure their effect on another variable. They involve an experimental group and a control group

Question 4

experimental group

Answer 4

the group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to a manipulated independent variable

Question 5

control group

Answer 5

group of participants in an experiment who receive no experimental treatment or intervention in order to serve as a baseline for comparison

Question 6

what are the different types of subjects design

Answer 6

within subjects design, between subjects design and mixed design

Question 7

within subjects design

Answer 7

when participants complete every experimental condition, the same people are the control group and the experimental group

Question 8

advantages of a within subjects design

Answer 8

results are moore likely due to manipulation of the IV rather than differences between participants. less people are needed and good for real-world settings and phenomena

Question 9

disadvantages of a within subjects design

Answer 9

order effects, a particpant dropping out has greater impact as two data points are lost

Question 10

between subjects design

Answer 10

when individuals are divided randomly into different groups that complete inly one experimental condition

Question 11

advantages of between subjects design

Answer 11

less time cosuming, no order effects

Question 12

disadvantages of between subjects design

Answer 12

require more participants, participant differences

Question 13

mixed design

Answer 13

combines elements of within ad between subjects design, e.g two groups experience both experimental groups

Question 14

advantages of mixed design

Answer 14

notes differences within each experimental group and compare diifferences across experimental groups, allows multiple conditions to be compared to a baseline control group

Question 15

mixed design disadvantages

Answer 15

more time and cost cosuming, demanding for researches and assistants to be across multiple methods

Question 16

what is a psychological case study

Answer 16

an in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or particular phenomenon that contains a real or hypothetical situation

Question 17

examples of case studies

Answer 17

historical analyzing causes and effects, a real situation or role play of a hypothetical situation or problem solving where developing a new design or procedure is required

Question 18

what is a correlational study

Answer 18

type of non-experimental study where researchers observe and measure two or more variables without manipulating them

Question 19

what does correlation refer to

Answer 19

the strength of the relationship between the variables, how likely they are to occur together

Question 20

types of correlation

Answer 20

positive, variables change together in the same way, negative: variables change in opposite directions, zero correlation: no relationship

Question 21

types of correlational studies

Answer 21

some forms of fieldwork, observational studies, examining archival data and surveys

Question 22

examples of when correlational studies are more likely to be used

Answer 22

relationship is less likely to be casual (two variables occur together but one does not necessarily cause tthe other), variables are too dangerous, unethical or difficult to manipulate, measurement, precedure or tool needs to be tested, more valuable/practicle to collect data in a real-world setting