Different types of methods Flashcards
what is the difference between a population and sample
the population refers to the group of people who are the focus of the research, the sample is a subset of the population who participate in tthe study
what is an investigation methodolgy
any of the different processes, techniques and/or types of studies researchers use to obtain information about a psychological phenonmena
what is a controlled experiment
they allow to strictly manipulate variables of interest in a controlled environment and measure their effect on another variable. They involve an experimental group and a control group
experimental group
the group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to a manipulated independent variable
control group
group of participants in an experiment who receive no experimental treatment or intervention in order to serve as a baseline for comparison
what are the different types of subjects design
within subjects design, between subjects design and mixed design
within subjects design
when participants complete every experimental condition, the same people are the control group and the experimental group
advantages of a within subjects design
results are moore likely due to manipulation of the IV rather than differences between participants. less people are needed and good for real-world settings and phenomena
disadvantages of a within subjects design
order effects, a particpant dropping out has greater impact as two data points are lost
between subjects design
when individuals are divided randomly into different groups that complete inly one experimental condition
advantages of between subjects design
less time cosuming, no order effects
disadvantages of between subjects design
require more participants, participant differences
mixed design
combines elements of within ad between subjects design, e.g two groups experience both experimental groups
advantages of mixed design
notes differences within each experimental group and compare diifferences across experimental groups, allows multiple conditions to be compared to a baseline control group
mixed design disadvantages
more time and cost cosuming, demanding for researches and assistants to be across multiple methods
what is a psychological case study
an in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or particular phenomenon that contains a real or hypothetical situation
examples of case studies
historical analyzing causes and effects, a real situation or role play of a hypothetical situation or problem solving where developing a new design or procedure is required
what is a correlational study
type of non-experimental study where researchers observe and measure two or more variables without manipulating them
what does correlation refer to
the strength of the relationship between the variables, how likely they are to occur together
types of correlation
positive, variables change together in the same way, negative: variables change in opposite directions, zero correlation: no relationship
types of correlational studies
some forms of fieldwork, observational studies, examining archival data and surveys
examples of when correlational studies are more likely to be used
relationship is less likely to be casual (two variables occur together but one does not necessarily cause tthe other), variables are too dangerous, unethical or difficult to manipulate, measurement, precedure or tool needs to be tested, more valuable/practicle to collect data in a real-world setting
