Ethical concepts and guidelines Flashcards
what are the ethical concepts
beneficence, integrity, justice, non-maleficence, respect
what are ethical concepts
the broad, moral guiding principles that people should consider when conducting research, pracitising psychology, or when analysing a psychological issue or debate
beneficene
the commitment to maximising benefits and minising the risks and harms involved in taking a particular position or course of action
things to consider with beneficence
if the research design minimises harm, when harm is necessary it is outweighed by the benefits, participants welfare
integrity
the commitment to searrching for knowledge and understanding, the honest reporting of all sources of information and results, whether favourable or unfavourable, in ways that permit secrutiny and contribute to public knowledge and understanding
things to consider with integrity
objective and open reporting and recording of results, processes of peer review, thouroughness of any literature review and other esearch procedures
respect
the consideration of the extent to which living things have an intrinsic value and/or instrumental value; consideration of the capacity of living things to make their own decisions; and when they have diminished capacity, ensuring they are empowered where possible and protected where necessary
justice
the moral obligation of ensuring their is fair consideration of competing claims; there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action; and that there is fair distribution and acess to the benefits of an action
things to consider with justice
objective, research design and conclusion are not discriminatory, no stereotypes, equity in access to services and findings
non maleficence
avoiding causing harm, when there is a degree of harm it should not be disproportionare to the benefits of that position or course of action
things to consider with non-maleficene
designing research to minimise psychological and physical harm, participants welfare, cost-benefit analysis of whether benefits outway the risks
ethical guidlines
strict rules and obligations researchers must follow when conduction investigations, they include procedures and principles to ensure that participants are safe and respectted
what are the ethical guidlines
confidentiality, informed consent procedures, use of deception, debreifing, voluntary participation and withdrawal rights
confidentiality
privacy, protection, and secruity of a participants personal information, anonymity of individual results, removal of identifying elements
how they guideline is ensured for confidentiality
having data storage tools and procedures that are safe and secure, anonymising participants results when sharinf or publishing them
informed consent procedures
participants understand the nature and purpose of the experiment, inluding physical and psychological risks
how they guideline is ensured for informed consent procedures
voluntary written consent, under 18 from parent or guidian, cannot consent (vvulnerable) parent legal gurdian or carer
use of dececption
intentionally misleading participants about the true nature of a study or procedure, only permissible when affects the validity of the experiment
how they guideline is ensured for use of deception
possibilty of deception outlines in the consent form, deception used explained at the conclusion of the study, questions answered at the end
debreifing
at the end of the experiment, the participant leaves understanding the experimental aim, results and conclusions
how they guideline is ensured for debreifing
participants questions answered, support offered, immediatley at the conclusion participants told about deception
voluntary participation
ensures there is no coercion or pressure put on the participants to partake in an experiment and they freely choose to be involved
how they guideline is ensured for voluntary participation
informed consent, not be coericed by rewards given, no negative consequences for not partaking
withdrawal rights
ability to discontinue their involvement in an experiment any time during or after the conclusion of an experiment, without penalty
how they guideline is ensured for withdrawal rights
results removed if they withdraw, even after the study concludes, not coerced to remain in the dtudy, compensation offered for time spent at the beginning of study if the withdraw
