Year 11 Flashcards
Globalisation
The development of global political and ecomonic systems and world views
Virtual Space
space which does not appear in physical terms, but in which information can be stored and located
Accessibility
the extent to which a location, good, service or information is available to as many people as possible
friction of distance
the time, effort and money required to move goods, people or information from one location to another
global citizens
people who see themselves as having an identity and or who have networks and interconnections which extend beyond the boundaries of the country they live in
time-space convergence
the process by which places can be said to become closer to each other as the time taken to travel between them decreases
spatial reorganisation
changes in the location and distribution of people and activities resulting from improvements in transport and communications technologies
centrilisation
the concentration of an activity in fewer locations, and often in larger settlements
specialisation
the concentration of specific activities in those areas in which possess the greatest comparative advantage for them
comparitive advantage
the benefit that a place gains because its location, environment and or human characteristics make it a more suitable location than other areas for production of a particular good or service
spatial interaction
the movement of goods, people and information between places
diffusion
the spread of technologies, products and ideas from their points of origin to other areas
adoption
local take up of a technology, product or idea from somewhere else
adaption
the modification of a technology, product or idea from somewhere else to suit local conditions
sustainablitiy
the ability or capacity of something to be maintained for survival of future generations
temporal distribution
the distribution of geographical phenomena over time
universal religion
a religion which is seen by those who practise it as being relevant to, and even as the ideal belief system, of everyone in the world
urbanisation
the increased percentage of a country’s population living in urban rather than rural areas
world cities
cities which have many connections to and considerable influence over other parts of the world
ethnic religion
a religion which is seen by those who practise it as being relevant to their own ethnic group and to no one else
global shift
the movement of wealth, power, and influence from one major part of the world to another
glocalisation
the modification of global products and ideas to suit local conditions
late adopters
the last people/group of people to take up a new idea, technology or product
mitigation
to reduce or minimise an impact or change
multinational corporation
a corporation that owns or controls the production of good and/or services in more than one country
natural hazard
atmospheric, hydrological and geomorphic processes and events in our environment that have the potential to affect people adversely
pandemic
the spread of an infectious disease on a very large, often global, scale
periphery
areas of a region, country or the world that lack wealth and power and from which profits are transferred to the core
risk management
preparedness, mitigation and/or prevention of a natural or ecological hazard
seismograph
an instrument used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
spatial patterns
distribution of a hazard and how it is spread out across a region or the earth, with its frequency and intensity
core
the part of a region, country or the world in which wealth and power and profits are concentrated
early adopters
the first people/groups of people to take up a new idea, technology or product
ecological hazard
a biological or chemical hazard that has the potential to impact adversely on the wellbeing of people or on the environment more generally
vulnerablity
refers to the way a hazard or disaster will affect human life and property
hazard
a threat (whether natural or human induced) that has the potential to cause loss of life, property damage, injury or environmental degradation
bushfire
a very hot fire that moves through areas of bush or forest and can threaten the environment, people, property or infrastructure
factors favourable for bushfires
high wind speed, large fuel loads, low fuel moisture, high temperatures, steep slopes
factors that determine degree of fire impact on human life
proximity to fire, topography, weather conditions, size and location of buffer zones, size and intensity of fire
low intensity fire
can be easily suppressed and remove mainly dry grass and leaves without affecting the living plants
high intensity fire
impossible to suppress and result in total destruction of ecosystems
benefits of fire to biodiversity
assist in release of seeds in plants and opens up the undergrowth
cyclone
system of winds rotating inward to an area of low barometric pressure
heatwave
periods of above average maximum and minimum temperatures compared to the normal climatic conditions of the location
flood
overflow of large amounts of water beyond its normal limits
drought
prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water
proximity
how close the hazard is to the location
magnitude
a measure of the amount, intensity and impact a hazard has on natural and cultural environments
frequency
how often the hazard occurs
duration
how long the hazard goes on for
impact factors
proximity, duration, frequency, magnitude
risk
the probability of a hazard event causing death, injury, loss or damage
resilience
how well a social or environmental system can return to some degree of balance following a hazard event
what causes malaria
the parasite called plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes q
how can you get malaria
via the bite of an infected mosquito, if you receive infected blood from someone during a blood transfusion, from mother to foetus
what is the vector for malaria
the female anopheles ‘night-biting’ mosquito
symptoms of malaria
fever, chills, sweating, convulsions, vomiting and headaches
malaria
a vector borne infectious disease caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite of the genus plasmodium
where is malaria most prevalent
Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central South America, Hispaniola and Oceania
how many people develop clinical cases of malaria each year
over 300 million
how many people live in areas at risk of malaria transmission
3.4 billion
factors that influence malaria vulnerability
living in areas with high transmission, poverty, urbanisation, war and ivil unrest, changes in the physical/cultural environment
most vulnerable groups of people to malaria
young children, pregnant women, travellers or migrants, those with little or no immunity, malnutrition
what factors increase risk of malaria
inadequate housing, overcrowding, poor hygiene, poor facilities of power, water and sewage, stagnant bodies of water
reducing future vulnerability of malaria
treating the host (drugs, repellent, education, nets, long sleeve clothing) and controlling the vector (insecticides, draining breeding grounds, genetic engineering, breeding larvae eating fish)
stakeholders
range from global organisations to locally affected communities, include government and non-government organisations
non government organisations
International red cross and Australia’s Fred hollows foundation
united nations
international organisation formed in 1945, to increase political and economic cooperation between its members
reverse diffusion
when an imperial power conquers a country and take an idea from there back to their own country
implications of international takeover of a brand
decisions made outside the original country, original country will suffer job loss, working conditions may become an issue, quality control may be compromised
environmental impacts of natural hazard
destruction of ecosystems and biodiversity, water contamination or shortages, soil degradation, spread of disease, destruction of agriulture
social impacts of natural hazard
injury and loss of life, loss of jobs, loss of housing, social isolation, political instability, less access to education
human activites
human settlements (eg. urbanisation), infrastructure, emergency responses, education, agriculture, mineral extraction, land clearing, economic stability
reasons for variations in impact between LDC and MDC
education, hazard mitigation, infrastructure, health care, technology, transport, political systems, settlements, agriculture, poverty
3 aspects of sustainability
environment, economy and society
terroir
french concept which is evaluating the quality of a wine, looks at the nature of the soil, climate and topography in the location of where the wine is grown
phylloxera
an insect which feeds on and poisons plants
high mass consumption stage
stabilised and developed
