Year 10 Science Test N1

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Communicates with surrounding cytosol. Enclosed in a double membrane.

Question 2

Nuclelous

Answer 2

Produces ribosomes

Question 3

Cytoplasm(cytosol)

Answer 3

Full of proteins such as water and glycolysis. Cellular metabolism occurs most

Question 4

Centriole(centromere)

Answer 4

Ring of 9 groups of fused micro tubes. Are part of the cytoskeleton.

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Stack of membrane bound vesicles that are important in packaging maoromlecules for transport. Membrane bond structure with a single membrane.

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Hold cell organelles together. Acts as a protective barrier

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Power centre of the cell providing the energy a cell needs to move, divide,contact

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

The release of cellular waste products

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Provided and maintains the shape of the cells, prevents water loss.

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Contains plant cell chlorophyll (responsible for plants green colour) and the ability to absorb energy from sunlight.

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic rectulum

Answer 11

Breaks down lipid

Question 12

Rough endoplasmic rectulum

Answer 12

Proteins helped transport through cell

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

Pockets of rna and protein. Play crucial role in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 14

Lysomes

Answer 14

Contains hydrolytic enzymes necessary for inracellular digestion

Question 15

Identify the key differences between an animal and plant cell

Answer 15

Cell wall and chloroplast are plant cell only.
Centriole is animal cell only.
Animal cells are round and irregular in shape.
Plant cell have fixed rectangular shapes.

Question 16

Differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.

Answer 16

Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane bound organelles including a nucleus, they can be single called or multi celled.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelle.

Question 17

Identify the key organisation levels of organisms and discuss why each level is significant.

Answer 17

Tissues- adapted to perform body functions eg. Muscle tissue cells contract to cause movement
Organs-made up of multiple tissues to carry out more complete body functions eg. The kidney filters blood to remove waste.
Organ systems-a group of organs working together to complete functions too complex for tissues or organs eg. Each organ for the digestive system is responsible for a different aspect.

Question 18

Label a plant and cell diagram

Answer 18

In book

Question 19

What does DNA stand for

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 20

What does rna stand for

Answer 20

Ribnoucleeic acid

Question 21

Discuss why it is important to replicate DNA accurately.

Answer 21

Because it creates a second copy of DNA that must go into one of the two daughter cells when a cell divides. Without replication each cell lacks enough genetic material to provide instructions for creating body proteins to help bodily function.

Question 22

Identify the location key steps and requirements for replicating DNA

Answer 22

Occurs within the nucleus of the cell.
First step in DNA replication is the strands are unzipped. An exact copy is then made by matching each base with its complementary base. Once a section is copied one old and one new strand are zipped together to produce the duplicate DNA. ( crest cork shaped shape)

Question 23

Label a diagram of DNA and rna strand

Answer 23

In book

Question 24

Discuss the relationship between DNA genes and chromosomes

Answer 24

Chromosomes are Paived long chains within a cell nucleus that are composed of genes, which are made up of the chemical substance called DNA.

Question 25

Identify how being able to analyse DNA in a laboratory conditions would be significant in society

Answer 25

- helps diagnose diseases | - formulate brand new drugs

Question 26

Write a complementary strand of DNA/RNA using chargaffs ruke (a-t,g-c)

Answer 26

Research

Question 27

Describe the location and function of DNA and the three throes of rna(mRNA,tRNA, rRNA)

Answer 27

Research answer

Question 28

I pare the differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 28

Similarities- split the chromosomes into the daughter cells, both involve cell division, both involve cellular DNA duplication. Differences- mitosis creates two daughter cells that have identical chromosomes to the parent cell, meiosis forms four daughter cells with varying degrees of the parents cell chromosomes, mitosis occurs in many different tissues of animals, meiosis only happens in specialised tissues.

Question 29

Describe the events occurring in mitosis to produce two identical daughter cells

Answer 29

``` Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Look in book for functions ```

Question 30

Explain the significance of meiosis in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

Answer 30

It stops the chromosomes from doubling Not right

Question 31

Identify the meaning of gene expression and identify how genes may be influenced.

Answer 31

Refers to the appearance in the organism of the characteristic that the gene codes for. May be influenced by environmental factors -diet exercise, DNA inherited from parents, cellular factors such as age.

Question 32

Outline the key steps involved in protein synthesis stating clearly he process involved in transcription and translation.

Answer 32

The synthesis of proteins takes two steps, transcription and translation. Transcription takes the information encoded in DNA and encodes it into mRNA, which heads out of the cells nucleus and into the cytoplasm during translation the mRNA works with a ribosome and tRNA to synthesise proteins

Question 33

Identify and describe the role of DNA rna polymerase mRNA tRNA and amino acids in the process

Answer 33

Unknown

Question 34

Study all work sheets

Answer 34

The handouts