Year 10 Hass Semester 1 Exam Revision Flashcards
Economics and History
Define interwar years:
The interwar years are a period of time between World War 1 and World War 2.
Define hyperinflation:
When the price of goods and services rise quickly in a short period of time, to the point it becomes worthless
Define extremism:
Extremism is holding extreme beliefs or engaging in extreme actions in pursuit of ideas– fanaticism.
Define armistice:
A formal agreement between two countries or groups at war to stop fighting for a particular time, especially to talk about possible peace.
Define reparations:
Reparations are a specific amount of money a defeated country is forced to pay to cover war costs of the winning countries.
Define appeasement:
Giving into the demands of the opposing side in order to prevent further disagreement.
List 2 events that occured in the interwar years?
The Dawes and Young Plans and the Great Depression
What happened in the Young and Dawes plan?
The Dawes plan was first introduced in 1924, by a Chicago Banker called Charles G. Dawes. It reduced the reparations Germany owed, increasing over time as their economy grew. 4 years later, in 1928,
Young, a member of the Dawes committee, introduced the Young Plan. It reduced the reparations Germany owed to $29 billion payable over 58 years. It also came with the creation of a bank for International Settlements that enabled the payment of reparations
What happened in the Great Depression?
In October 1929, the US stock market crashed triggering a worldwide economic downfall. From that year to 1929, the world went through a period known as the Great Depression. Poverty and unemployment increased around the world and civilians began to blame their governments. Countries like Germany and Japan who had substantial loans from the US had them recalled which contributed to the severe economic downfall.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by Germany and other defeated nations in World War 1. It was signed on the 28th of June 1919, officially ending the first war.
Who negotiated the Treaty of Versailles?
The Allies negotiated the treaty with little input from Germany.
List 3-5 key terms of the Treaty of Versailles:
- Pay $32 billion in reparations
- Limit their army to 100,000 soldiers.
- Hand in all tanks and heavy artillery.
- Accept sole responsibility
Outline the main causes of World War 2
The main causes of the World War were the unfair Treaty of Versailles, Appeasement and Militarism, Rise of the Nazi Party, The Great Depression and weakness of the League of Nations.
What was the League of Nations?
An international forum created in the hope of stopping the horrors of WW1 reoccuring.
What were nations in the LON encouraged to commit themselves to?
Reduce weapons, support each other, respect each other territories, and bring any disputes before an international court.
Which nations formed sides in World War 2?
Triple Alliance - Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Triple Entente - UK/Australia, USA, France, Russia
Describe the attitudes of the Japanese soldiers in WW2
Japanese culture taught that surrender was not an option and that is better die in glory than the live as a coward. The Japanese had unwavering loyalty to their country and emperor and strict discipline.
What is Bushido?
Bushido means ‘way of the warrior’. It was a code of conduct for samurai in feudal japan. It is believed to have dated back to the 18th century and requires samurai to live and die with honour.
Outline the principles of Bushido:
Frugality, benevolence, respect, sincerity, and honor, righteousness, courage, loyalty, honesty
Why was Kokoda significant in the defeat of the Japanese?
It prevented Japan’s plans for further expansion in the Pacific, and marked a turning point in the Allied effort by demonstrating that Japanese forces could be stopped and pushed back on land.
Where did Australian soldiers serve and fight?
Australian soldiers fought in the Kokoda Battle in Singapore, Papua New Guinea, Africa, and Europe.
How did Japan successfully secure victory in the Fall of Singapore?
The Japanese outsmarted the British military by fighting in ways the British had not thought of:
- They attacked by air and foot.
- Came through Malaya not Singapore.
- They used great speed on light tanks and soldiers on bicycles.
- Beach defences weren’t built so the British weren’t protected.
- There were no obstacles on the landing.
- They came through the jungle which the British through impenetrable.
Describe the conditions soldiers faced on the Kokoda Track:
The Kokoda track was a very dangerous area. The soldiers faced heat, humidity, dense jungle, lack of food and sleep, insects, mud, and steep mountains
Why is Kokoda considered a significant battle for Australian forces in WW2?
If the Japanese had successfully captured Papua New Guinea, it would have placed Australia in a vulnerable state.
It represented a critical defence of Australia against Japanese invasion.
Showcasing the courage and resilience of Australian soldiers in challenging terrain and harsh conditions
List the two most famous Prisoner of War camps that Australia soldiers were interned in:
The Changi POW camp and the Thai-Burma Railway.
Describe what conditions were like for Prisoners of War:
Prisoners of war endured extremely harsh conditions in POW camps. They lived a life of torture, beatings, and humiliation. They were denied foot and medical assistance which often led to death and the spread of disease such as malaria, dysentery, and beriberi. They had to work for food and failure to work at a Japanese soldier’s satisfaction would result in beatings at the very least. Disrespect was not tolerated and often led to brutal punishments such as beheadings
Explain why the Japanese treated prisoners of war so harshly:
Prisoners of war were often mistreated due to disciplinary practices of the Japanese military, shortages of food and medical supplies, and a general disregard for the Geneva Conventions, which outlined the humane treatment of POWs. Additionally, there was a cultural belief in Japan that surrender was dishonourable, leading to a lack of respect and harsh treatment for those who were captured.
Who was the Japanese Emperor during WW2?
Emperor Hirohito
Who was the Japanese PM during WW2?
Hideki Tojo
Who was the USA leader during WW2?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Who was the German Leader during WW2?
Adolf Hitler
Who was the Italian Leader during WW2?
Benito Mussolini
Who was the Australian Leader during WW2?
PM John Curtin
Who was the Great Britain Leader during WW2?
Winston Churchill
Who was the French Leader during WW2?
Charles De Gaulle
Who was the Russian Leader during WW2?
Joseph Stalin
When did Germany surrender?
Germany surrendered with the signing of an armistice between its soldiers on November 11, 1918.
Explain how the government measures economic growth:
The size of an economy is measured using GDP. It’s measured using real or nominal GDP.
Explain how the government measures inflation:
The consumer price index measures the level of inflation. It uses a basket of consumer items to calculate the typical cost of living.
Explain how the government measures unemployment:
To be deemed unemployed a person must not have a job, actively seeking employment and be willing and able to work.
Define GDP
Gross Domestic Product is the total goods and services produced by consumers in a year.
Why is GDP often seen as insufficient as a measure of economic wellbeing?
GDP only measures economic growth and performance. It fails to indicate environmental quality, changes in income and standard of living.
