Yarn Structures & Characteristics Flashcards
What are the types of yarn?
- Staple
- Monofilament
- Multifilament
What does staple mean?
short
(like staples)
What are staple yarns?
Natural fibres
- except silk
WHY? -> are not continuous
What does monofilament mean?
One continuous fibre
What are monofilament fibres?
Synthetic fibres
WHY -> made in a continuous stream
(remember the shower head)
What does multifilament mean?
Multiple fibres
What type of yarn is a filament
Synthetic
What are the types of yarn?
Single
Ply
Cord
What is a single yarn?
One yarn
What is ply yarn?
Two yarns twisted together
What is cord yarn?
Two ply yarns twisted together
Two twisties twisted together
What type of yarn must blended fibre be?
staple - only way to make blended is by having staple
What are the type of yarn twist?
S & Z
An S-twist goes…
clockwise
A Z-twist goes…
anticlockwise
What are the two types of spinning?
- Staple spinning
- Extrusion spinning
What yarns are made from staple spinning?
Natural - cotton and wool
What yarns are made from extrusion spinning?
Rayon, polyester, nylon
What is carded yarn?
fibres in various lengths creating an uneven yarn
(not combed)
What is combed cotton yarn?
fibres that are long and even combed ring-spun creating a soft and high quality yarn
What is a worsted yarn?
wool characterised by longer fibres creating a smoother and more compact woollen yarn
What yarns are made from extrusion spinning?
Synthetic - polyester + nylon
Regenerated - rayon
What yarn is wet spinning used to make?
Rayon
What yarn does melt spinning make?
Nylon + Polyester
What are textured filament yarns?
Made from synthetic filaments modified to add texture, bulk an elasticity to yarns
What are types of textured filament yarns?
- False twist
- Knit deknit
- Air jet
- Gear crimping
- Stuffer box
What are novelty yarns used for?
Decoration and aesthetic properties
