Elements & Principles of Design Flashcards
What are the types of textile items?
apparel
furnishings
costume
textile art
non-apparel
What is functional design?
Design element used for the function of the final product so it performs it’s required task
design that allow the item to be used easily for it’s end use
(makes it functional)
Examples of functional design
- zipper
- closures
- seams in patchwork
- garment assembly
What is Aesthetic Design?
Visual appeal of an item
Examples of aesthetic design
patchwork
dyeing
printing
embroidery
beading
What are the factors that determine appropriate design?
Environmental sustainability
Manufacturing techniques
Economics
Decorative techniques
What is environmental sustainability in textiles?
responsible design practices that meet the needs of humanity with a cleaner and greener world
What is manufacturing techniques in textiles?
ensuring the use of market safe products
What is economics in textiles?
costs
What are decorative techniques in textiles?
Design elements used to enhance a design through aesthetic appearance
What effect do lines have on an item
defines the direction of the design
divide space
outline an object
express emotion and movement
What are examples of lines
Horizontal
Vertical
Diagonal
Zigzag
Thick
Thin
Straight
Curved
Wavy
Spiralled
Split
Broken lines
Vertical lines can create an illusion of ___ and make us look ___
- height
- slimmer
bc lead the eyes up and down
Horizontal lines create ___ and emphasise ___
- width
- shortness
bc of side-to-side movement
Very curved line makes the figure look ___ and ___ than slightly curved lines
- rounder
- fuller
Two lines angling create ___ directional effects
Strong
A narrow angle draws the eye ___ into the narrow point, whereas a wider angle draws the eye ___ and emphasises width
- down
- out
What is a shape?
A closed line
What are the two main types of recognisable shapes?
- organic
- geometric
Organic shapes tend to be…
…fluid, free-forming, natural, unique
Geometric shapes tend to be…
…rigid, mathematical, defined, confined
A shape with no depth is what?
2D / flat
When a shape has dimension, it is what?
3D
What are 3D shapes known as?
form
Difference of 2D and 3D
square = shape
cube = form
Vertical shapes or spaces make the wearer look ___
Slimmer
Horizontal shapes ___ the body, making it appear ___ and ___
- divide
- shorter
- wider
Large, bold prints make the wearer look ___
Larger
Irregular shapes are more ___ than symmetrical shapes
interesting
spaces between shapes add ___ to design
interest
Little spaces between shapes =
busy design - may look congested
Too much space between shapes =
lost in the background
What does the silhouette refer to?
The style of the garment
What are the 7 basic fashion silhouettes
- A-line
- Hour-glass
- Tube
- Wedge
- Square
- Bell
- Bustle
What is texture?
the surface characteristics of a design
The 2 main recognisable types of textures are…
visual and tactile
visual = the illusion of texture - printed snake skin
tactile = characteristics can be felt
Bulky textures make the figure appear…
larger
can also disguise the body
Smooth, shiny textures make the body appear…
larger
Dull, matte textures tend to be…
slimming
Colour appears when…
light waves are reflected and absorbed by objects
What is hue?
The name of the colour
Primary hues =
red, blue and yellow
Secondary hues =
purple, green and orange
What do you get if you mix primary and secondary hues together?
tertiary colours
What is value?
The lightness or darkness of a colour
A colour that has black added to it as known as a…
shade
A colour that has white added to it is known as a…
tint
Monochromatic colour schemes use __ and __ of the same colour
- shades
- tints
Effect of monochromatic schemes
soothing
Analogous /harmonious colour schemes use colours ___ to one another on the colour wheel
adjacent (next to)
Effect of Analogous colour scheme
richer than monochromatic
lacks contrast
Complementary colour schemes are made from colours ___ one another on the colour
opposite
Effect of complementary colour scheme
bright with strong contrast
Split-complementary colour scheme consists of two colours ___ on the colour wheel and one ___
- adjacent
- opposite
Dark colours make the figure look…
smaller
Light colours make the figure look…
larger
What is proportion
the relationship between parts of a design
comparison of sizes, shapes or amounts design elements.
What is balance?
The visual weight of a shape, texture, colour, line and space
What is symmetrical balance?
element is the same or similar either side of an axis
What is asymmetrical balance?
elements are not distributed evenly of either side of an axis
What is radial balance?
A design has a central point and elements radiate outwards
What is rhythm?
The repetition of elements
- creates organised movement
What is emphasis?
the focal point
What is contrast?
unexpected change in the visual element of a design
What is harmony?
The combination of elements that are consistent and blend together
What is unity?
a composition that has a completeness of design
- design looks like it belong together
