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Therapeutics Final > Yang's Material > Flashcards

Yang's Material Flashcards

9 questions for this shiiiii??

1
Q

a1 pathway

A

mobilize Ca2+; activate PKC
Gq
location –> vascular smooth muscle, adipose tissue, and CNS

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2
Q

a2 pathway

A

inhibit adenyl cyclase, reduce cAMP-dependent PKa, active K+ channels
location –> CNS and adipose tissue
Gi

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3
Q

B1 pathway

A

location –> cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, CNS, and adipose tissue
Gs

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4
Q

B2 pathway

A

location –> cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, vascular smooth muscles, bronchial smooth muscles, liver, and CNS
Gs

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5
Q

B2 pathway

A

location –> bladder
Gs

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6
Q

function of B pathways

A

activate adenyl cyclase
increase cAMP-dependent leading to PK activation

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7
Q

M1 pathway

A

Gq
mobilize Ca2+, activate PKC (same as a1)

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8
Q

M2 pathway

A

Gi
inhibit adenyl cyclase, decrease cAMP dependent PKA, activate K+ channel
location –> heart/lungs

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9
Q

M3 pathway

A

Gs
mobilize Ca2+ and activate PKC
location –> smooth muscle and exocrine glands

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10
Q

methacholine

A

B-methylation –> prevents ester hydrolysis and more selective for M receptors
USE –> provocative test for hyperreactive airways (asthma diagnosis)
DIRECT acting

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11
Q

carbachol

A

alpha carbamate effects –> mimics the effect of ACh at both N/M receptors
USE –> reduce intraocular pressure to treat glaucoma during surgery
DIRECT acting

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12
Q

bethanechol

A

B-methylation effect –> more selective for M receptors
Alpha carbamate effect –> mimic the effects of ACh
USE –> GI stimulation or treatment of urinary incontinence
DIRECT acting

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13
Q

pilocarpine

A

on M3 receptors
USE –> hypofunction of salivary glands (conditions: dry mouth and Sjogren’s syndrome) and Glaucoma (increase output)

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14
Q

PSNS effects

A

Diarrhea
urination
miosis (constriction of pupil)
bradycardia
bronchoconstriction
emesis (vomiting)
lacrimation (secretion of tears)
salivation
sweating
DUMBBELSS

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15
Q

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

A

USE –> diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG)
INDIRECT reversible agonists

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16
Q

physostigmine (antilirium)

A

USE –> antidote to antimuscarinic poisoning
can cross BBB
INDIRECT reversible agonist

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17
Q

neostigmine (prostigmin)

A

USE –> treatment of MG, reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade, and post-operative urinary retention
INDIRECT reversible agonist

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18
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

A

USE –> treatment of MG, reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade, and pre-treatment for potential nerve gas exposure
INDIRECT reversible agonist

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19
Q

Donepezil (Aricpet)

A

USE –> Alzheimer’s disease to enhance cognitive ability (not slow progression)
INDIRECT reversible agonist

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20
Q

Echothiophate

A

USE –> glaucoma (increase ACh, enhance M activation, secretion of aqueous humor)
INDIRECT irreversible agonist

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21
Q

Sarin

A

USE –> nerve gas in chemical warfare
INDIRECT irreversible agonist

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22
Q

Malathion

A

USE –> insecticide and treat head lice
INDIRECT irreversible agonist

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23
Q

Pralidoxime Chloride

A

USE –> antidote for AChE poisoning (if inhaled pesticide/nerve gas)
INDIRECT irreversible agonist
Must combine with atropine to cross BBB

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24
Q

CI to PSNS drugs

A

asthma and COPD (increase bronchoconstriction)
coronary deficiency (lower HR)
PUD (increase acid secretion)
obstruction of urinary tract
epilepsy

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25
Q

Rivastigmine/Galantamine

A

USE –> Alzheimer’s disease (but loses effectiveness as disease progresses)
reversible AChE inhibitor

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26
Q

Memantine

A

USE –> moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease
NMDA receptor antagonist

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27
Q

atropine

A

USE –> hallucinogen
antimuscarinic agent at all receptors

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28
Q

Scopolamine

A

USE –> motion sickness
antimuscarinic with CNS action

29
Q

Benztropine/Trihexyphenidyl

A

USE –> adjunct treatment of Parkinsonism with L-DOPA

30
Q

Homatropine/Tropicamide

A

USE –> pupil dilation (mydriasis) and ciliary relaxation (cycloplegia) in eye exams due to short duration of action

31
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)/Tiotropium (Spiriva)

A

USE –> COPD/asthma
antimuscarinic

32
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

USE –> gastric disorders (G spasms, peptic ulcers) and pre-op to reduce secretion
antimuscarinic

33
Q

tolterodine/Solifenacin/Darifenacin/Oxybutynin

A

somewhat selective M3 receptor
USE –> overactive bladder (OAB)

34
Q

treatment of antimuscarinic poisoning

A

change medication or decrease dose
supportive care
physostigmine

35
Q

tubocurarine

A

USE –>anesthesia (relaxes skeletal muscles), intubation
nondepolarizing nicotinic antagonist

36
Q

Succinylcholine

A

USE –> anesthesia (relaxes skeletal muscle), eletro-convulsant therapy
depolarizing nicotinic antagonist

37
Q

Hexammethonium

A

ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist
USE –> HTN (not anymore due to SE profile)

38
Q

Epinephrine

A

direct acting a1, b1, b2 agonist
USE –> anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, in combo with local anesthetics

39
Q

norepinephrine

A

direct acting a1, b1 agonist
USE –> pressor

40
Q

dopamine

A

direct acting a1 (high dose), b1/d1 (lower dose) agonists
USE –> shock, acute congestive heart failure

41
Q

phenylephrine

A

USE –> nasal decongestant, mydriasis without cycloplegia, pressor, regional anesthesia (vasoconstrictor)
direct a1 selective

42
Q

Oxymetazoline/Naphazoline/Tetrahydrozoline

A

USE –> nasal decongestants
direct a1 partial agonist

43
Q

clonidine

A

USE –> HTN, neuropathic pain and opiate withdrawal, and ADHD
direct a2 selective agonist

44
Q

methyldopa

A

USE –> HTN (during pregnancy)
direct a2 selective agonist

45
Q

Guanabenz/Guanfacine

A

direct a2 selective agonists

46
Q

Brimonidine/Apraclonidine

A

USE –> glaucoma
direct a2 selective agonists

47
Q

tizanidine

A

USE –> muscle spasticity
direct a2 selective agonists

48
Q

isoproterenol

A

USE –> asthma/COPD (bronchodilation), increase HR, and post-op cardiac surgery
direct non selective B agonist

49
Q

dobutamine

A

USE –> acute heart failure, shock, and laboratory stress test
direct b1 selective

50
Q

terbutaline

A

USE –> labor prevention, asthma/COPD
direct B2 selective agonist

51
Q

Metaproterenol/Salmeterol/RItodrine/Albuterol

A

USE –> asthma/COPD
direct b2 selective agonist

52
Q

Mirabegron

A

USE –> overactive bladder
direct B3 selective agonist

53
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

USE –> adrenal tumors, HTN crisis
non selective irreversible a antagonist

54
Q

phentolamine

A

USE –> adrenal gland tumor, HTN crisis, male impotence
non selective reversible a antagonist

55
Q

tamsulosin (flomax)

A

USE –> BPH (may lead to OAB)
a1 antagonist

56
Q

prazosin/doxazosin

A

USE –> HTN, BPH
a1 antagonist

57
Q

yohimbine

A

USE –> male impotence (folklore)
a2 selective antagonist

58
Q

propranolol

A

USE –> HTN, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, migraine, stage fright, thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, congestive heart failure (2/3)
nonselective beta antagonist (blocker)

59
Q

nadolol/pindolol

A

USE –> HTN, angina, migraine
nonselective beta antagonist

60
Q

carteolol

A

USE –> HTN, glaucoma
nonselective beta antagonist

61
Q

metoprolol/bisoprolol

A

USE –> HTN, angina, anti arrhythmic, congestive heart failure
b1 selective antagonist

62
Q

atenolol

A

USE –> HTN, angina
b1 selective antagonist

63
Q

esmolol

A

USE –> supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and during surgery HTN
b1 selective antagonist

64
Q

nebivolol

A

USE –> HTN
b1 selective antagonist

65
Q

labetalol

A

USE –> HTN, hypertensive crisis
nonselective b antagonist, a1 antagonist

66
Q

carvedilol

A

USE –> HTN, congestive heart failure
nonselective B antagonist, a1 antagonist

67
Q

metyrosine

A

USE –> during surgery management of adrenal tumor
indirect antagonist of NE synthesis

68
Q

bretylium tosylate

A

USE –> anti-arrhythmic, local anesthetic
displace and release NE to prevent further release (depletion)

69
Q

reserpine

A

USE –> HTN (rare due to SE)
nonselective irreversible inhibitor for catecholamine

Therapeutics Final (5 decks)

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