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Therapeutics Final > Park's Materials > Flashcards

Park's Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologic effects of androgens

A

changes during puberty in males
hair growth
oily skin (acne)
muscle growth
increased LDL, decreased HDL
aggressiveness

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1
Q

physiologic effects of estrogens

A

changes during puberty in female
endometrium growth
increased blood coagulability
maintenance of bone density
decreased LDL, increased HDL
mood

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2
Q

physiologic effects of progestin

A

maturation of endometrium
maintenance of pregnancy

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3
Q

physiologic effects of glucocorticoids

A

increase in blood glucose levels
anti-inflammation
immunosuppression

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4
Q

physiologic effects of mineralocorticoids

A

increase in blood Na+ levels
increase in blood volume

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5
Q

oral steroids

A

17-methyl or 17-ethynyl groups
hepatotoxicity

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6
Q

IM steroids

A

large alkyl groups at 17 (enanthate, valerate, cypionate)
preparations in oil
depot injection

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7
Q

anti-androgen subclasses

A

5a-reductase inhibitors
androgen receptor antagonists

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8
Q

5a-reductase inhibitors

A

Finasteride, Dutasteride
block the conversion of testosterone into 5a-dihydrotesterone

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9
Q

Androgen receptor antagonists

A

Cyproterone Acetate, Spironolactone, Flutamide, Enzalutamide
prevents the binding/activation of androgen receptors

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10
Q

Estrogen drug classes

A

conjugated estrogens (Premarin)
Agonists
SERMs (partial agonists)
Anti-estrogens (SERD, aromatase inhibitors)

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11
Q

Estrogen agonists

A

Diethylstilbestrol, Chlorotrianisene
increases estrogen levels in the addition of an OH group

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12
Q

SERMs

A

partial agonists that have some estrogenic and some androgenic activity
blocks helix 12 properties
Tamoxifen, Toremifene, Ospemifene, Raloxifene, Clomiphene

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13
Q

Anti-Estrogens

A

Fluvestrant (SERD)
Aromatase Inhibitors –> Anastrazole, Letrozole, Exemestane (prevents testosterone conversion into 17b-estradiol and androstenedione into estrone)

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14
Q

systemic glucocorticoids

A

hydrocortisone
cortisone
prednisone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone
triamcinolone
dexamethasone
betamethasone
binds to cortisol receptor and activates to treat adrenal insufficiency

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15
Q

inhaled glucocorticoids

A

triamcinolone acetonide
beclomethasone dipropionate
budesonide
flunisolide
mometasone furoate
fluticasone propionate
ciclesonide
binds to GRE to change the rate of transcription
treats asthma/COPD

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16
Q

topical glucocorticoids

A

triamcinolone acetonide
fluocinonide
betamethasone valerate
clobestasol propionate
halobetasol propionate
halcinonide
binds to NFkB to repress transcription of cytokine genes
anti-inflammatory agents

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17
Q

systemic mineralocorticoids

A

fludrocortisone
used in replacement therapy to treat addison’s disease with low levels of aldosterone

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18
Q

cushing’s disease

A

hyperadrenalism
primary, pituitary, ectopic
symptoms –> weight gain, thin arms and legs, moon face, increase protein catabolism, osteoporosis, opportunistic infections
caused by long-term use of systemic glucocorticoids

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19
Q

different between cushing’s disease types

A

adrenal –> decreased CRH/ACTH, increased cortisol
pituitary –> decreased CRH, increased ACTH/cortisol
ectopic –> decreased CRH/ACTH, increased cortisol/ectopic ACTH

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20
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

hypoadrenalism
primary (addison’s disease), secondary
symptoms –> extreme weakness, anorexia, anemia, low BP (in primary only), mental depression
caused by cessation of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy

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21
Q

COX

A

enzymes that synthesize eicosanoids
1 - housekeeping
2 - inflammatory

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22
Q

PGE

A

vasodilation

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23
Q

PGF

A

vasoconstriction

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24
PGI
inhibition (suppression) of platelet aggregation
25
TXA
promotion of platelet aggregation
26
NSAID drug classes
salicylates arylacetic acids arylpropionic acids non-carboxylate cox-2 selective (celecoxib)
27
NSAID SE
GI upset renal hypersensitivity suppression of blood coagulation (aspirin) reye's syndrome (aspirin)
28
NSAIDs for short-term use
indomethacin ketorolac
29
NSAIDs for long-term use
sulindac etodolac diclofenac meloxican celecoxib
30
salicylate drugs
salicylic acid aspirin (irreversible inhibition) salsalate diflunisal
31
arylacetic acid drugs
indomethacin sulindac etodolac diclofenac
32
arylpropionic acid drugs
ibuprofen naproxen ketorolac
33
non-carboxylate drugs
nabumetone meloxicam
34
asthma pathology
site - proximal airways onset - childhood symptoms - episodic attacks cells - mast cells, eosinophils, CD4 T-cells (Th2) causes - irritants
35
COPD pathology
site - peripheral airways onset - late adulthood symptoms - progressive deteriorations of pulmonary functions cells - neutrophils, macrophages, CD8+ T cells (TH1) cause - smoking
36
asthma drugs
sympathomimetics (SABA/LABA) inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) leukotriene pathway inhibitors antimuscarinic agents (ipratropium) monoclonal antibodies
37
leukotriene pathway inhibitors
used in asthma 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor - zileuton receptor antagonist - montelukast
38
monoclonal antibodies
used in asthma anti-IgE --> omalizumab anti-IL-5 --> mepolizumab, reslizumab anti-IL-5 receptor --> benralizumab
39
COPD drugs
sympathomimetics (SABA/LABA/Ultra-LABA) Antimuscarinic agents (SAMA/LAMA) PDE4 inhibitor inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) a1-antitrypsin replacement therapy
40
Ultra-LABAs
used in COPD only indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol, bambuterol
41
SAMA
used in COPD and asthma ipratropium
42
LAMA
used in COPD tiotropium, aclidinium, umeclidinium
43
PDE4 inhibitor
roflumilast
44
peripheral tissue pathway
hypothalamus + GHRH, - SST anterior pituitary GH
45
thyroid pathway
hypothalamus TRH anterior pituitary TSH thyroid thyroxine, triiodothyronine
46
adrenal cortex pathway
hypothalamus CRH anterior pituitary ACTH adrenal cortex glucocorticoids
47
gonads pathway
hypothalamus GnRH anterior pituitary FSH/LH gonads estrogen/progesterone/testosterone
48
gonadotropins
menotropins (LH/FSH mix) urofollitropin (uFSH, purified FSH) hCG (LH) ovulation induction
49
GnRH agonists
Ends in Elin pulsatile injection --> stimulation continuous administration --> suppression
50
GnRH antagonists
ends in Elix
51
growth hormone
somatropin (rhGH)
52
GH antagonists
SST analogs --> octreotide, lanreotide GH receptor antagonist --> pegvisomant used to treat acromegaly
53
vasopressin analog
desmopressin used to treat diabetes insipidius
54
vasopressin antagonists
conviaptan, tolvaptan used to treat hyponatremia
55
oxytocin
used for labor induction
56
hypothyroidism
symptoms --> low metabolis, lethargy, feeling cold, bradycardia, decreased appetite, drooping of eyelids cause --> hashimoto's thyroiditis drugs --> levothyroxine (T4), liothyronine (T3)
57
hyperthyroidism
symptoms --> excessive metabolism, nervousness, feeling hot, tachycardia, increased appetite, exophthalmos cause --> grave's disease drugs --> methimazole, propylthiouracil
58
carbohydrates
excess --> triacylglycerol none are essential
59
lipids
excess --> triacylglycerol essential --> w-3 (a-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA) and w-6 (linolenic acid, arachidonic acid)
60
proteins
excess --> pyruvate/acetyl-CoA --> triacylglycerol essential --> HILLTTV
61
positive nitrogen balance
growth, pregnancy
62
negative nitrogen balance
malnutrition illness trauma
63
celiac sprue
caused by exposure to gluten (Wheat, rye, barley)
64
fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
65
Vit A
light-sensing cofactor (retinal), hormone (retinoic acid) deficiency --> night blindness
66
Vit D
calcium homeostasis Deficiency --> Rickets, osteomalacia
67
Vit E
antioxidant deficiency --> rare
68
Vit K
carboxylation of glutamate (blood coagulation) deficiency --> rare
69
water soluble vitamins
all of Vit B, Vit C
70
Vit B deficiency
B1 (Thiamine) --> Beriberi B3 (Niacin) --> Pellagra B6 (Pyrifoxine) --> irritability, nervousness
71
role of Vit B
Cofactors --> B1 (Thiamine), B7 (Biotin), B9 (Folic Acid), B12 (Cobalamin) B2 (Riboflavin) --> FMN, FAD B3 (Niacin) --> NAD, NADP B6 (Pyridoxine) --> pyridoxal phosphate
72
Vit C
cofactor deficiency --> Scurvy

Therapeutics Final (5 decks)

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