Y9 Tpic 1: Foundations Of Chemistry

Question 1

Where are protons found?

Answer 1

In the Nucleus

Question 2

Where are Neutrons found?

Answer 2

In the Nucleus

Question 3

Where are Electrons found?

Answer 3

On the shells

Question 4

How many sub-atomic particles can be held on each shell?

Answer 4

2, 8, 8, 8…

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 7

0

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 9

-1

Question 10

What is the relative mass of an electron

Answer 10

1/1836

Question 11

What is the atomic number?

Answer 11

Number of protons = electrons, smallest of the two numbers (periodic table)

(Tip to remember! Atoms want to be neutral so would have the same number of protons and electrons)

Question 12

What is the mass number?

Answer 12

Number of neutrons + the number of protons, largest of the two numbers (periodic table)

(Tip to remember! Neutrons and protons have a larger relative mass than neutrons so would make up most of the mass!)

Question 13

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Answer 13

Mass number -
Atomic number =
Neutrons

Question 14

What is an isotope?

Answer 14

Atoms with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers/same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 15

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 15

The weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element

Question 16

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?

Answer 16

= (Percentage of isotope 1/100 x mass number) + (Percentage of isotope 2/100 x mass number)

Question 17

Calculate the relative atomic mass in a sample of 75% chlorine-35 and 25% chlorine-37

Answer 17

(75/100 x 35) + (25/100 x 37) = 35.5 (1dp)

Question 18

What is the definition of relative atomic mass?

Answer 18

Weighted average mass of isotopes of an element

Question 19

Why do elements lose or gain electrons? What is this called?

Answer 19

In order to obtain a full outer shell, which is a stable arrangement. This is called an ion, which is no longer a neutral element

Question 20

If an atom loses electron, what ion does this form with what charge?

Answer 20

Forms a cation (positive charge)

Question 21

If an atom gains electrons, what ion does this form with what charge?

Answer 21

Anion (Negative charge)

Question 22

What are the charges of ions in group 1, 2 and 3?

Answer 22

1 = +1
2 = +2
3 = +3

Question 23

What are the charges of ions in group 5, 6 and 7?

Answer 23

5 = -3
6 = -2
7 = -1

Question 24

What complex ions have a ‘+’ charge?

Answer 24

Hydrogen (H+)
Silver (Ag+)
Ammonium (NH₄+)

Question 25

What complex ions have a ‘2+’ charge?

Answer 25

Iron II (Fe2+)
Copper II (Cu2+)
Lead (Pb2+)
Zinc (Zn2+)

Question 26

What complex ion has a ‘3+’ charge?

Answer 26

Iron III (Fe3+)

Question 27

What complex ions have a ‘-’ charge?

Answer 27

OH- (Hydroxide)
NO₃- (Nitrate)

Question 28

What complex ions have a ‘2-‘ charge?

Answer 28

Carbonate (CO₃2-)
Sulfate (SO₄2-)

Question 29

What are state symbols?

Answer 29

Written after the formula of each substance in a chemical equation

Question 30

What are the state symbols?

Answer 30

(S) - Solid
(L) - Liquid
(G) - Gas
(Aq) - Aqueous (Most likely only water H2O and bromine Br2)

Question 31

Balance this equation: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) + Oxygen (O2) -> Sulphur trioxide (SO3)

Answer 31

2SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3