Metals

Question 1

Are metals good or bad conductors of heat?

Answer 1

Good

Question 2

Are metals good or bad conductors of electricity?

Answer 2

Good

Question 3

Are metals usually light or heavy?

Answer 3

Heavy

Question 4

Describe the reaction of lithium in water

Answer 4

Lithium floats and moves on the surface, then fizzes and dissolves. Universal indicator turns blue

Question 5

Describe the reaction of sodium in water

Answer 5

Sodium floats and moves on surface, then dissolves and melts into a ball. Universal indicator turns blue

Question 6

Describe the reaction of potassium in water

Answer 6

Potassium fizzes, floats and moves on surface. Lilac flame, spits then dissolves. Universal indicator turns blue

Question 7

Group 1 elements react with water to form what type of solution?

Answer 7

Alkaline

Question 8

What name are group 1 elements referred to?

Answer 8

Alkali metals

Question 9

Why do group 1 elements form an alkali solution?

Answer 9

Because one of the products is the metal hydroxides which have pH values higher than 7 when dissolving in water and hydrogen gas is produced

Question 10

What are the word equations for lithium, sodium and potassium reacting with water?

Answer 10

Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Potassium + Water → Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 11

Explain the reactivity series from most to least reactive

Answer 11

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen

(Copper, Silver, Gold - Are not reactive)

Question 12

Copper, Silver and Gold do not react with acids, why?

Answer 12

They are below hydrogen in the reactivity series and hydrogen is present in all acids

Question 13

What are the word equations for magnesium reacting with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids?

Answer 13

Magnesium + hydrochloric acid → Magnesium chloride + hydrogen

Magnesium + sulfuric acid → Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

Magnesium + nitric acid → Magnesium nitrate + hydrogen

Question 14

What is the acid formulae for hydrochloric acid?

Answer 14

HCl

Question 15

What is the acid formulae for sulfuric acid?

Answer 15

H₂SO₄

Question 16

What is the acid formulae for nitric acid?

Answer 16

HNO₃

Question 17

What are displacement reactions?

Answer 17

When a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal from its compound

E.g. Aluminium + iron oxide
(Aluminium is more reactive than iron, changes)
↓
Aluminium + iron oxide → Aluminium oxide + iron

Question 18

Complete the reactions:
1. Zinc oxide + Calcium → ?
2. Magnesium sulfate + Zinc → ?
3. Calcium + Copper nitrate → ?

Answer 18

1. Calcium oxide + Zinc
2. No reaction (Magnesium sulfate + Zinc)
3. Calcium nitrate + Copper

Question 19

T/F: Alkali metals are stored under oil because they react quickly with oxygen

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F: Alkali metals all react with water to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen

Answer 20

False - Produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 21

What is the difference between rusting and corosion?

Answer 21

Rusting - Occurs only with iron and it is a specific type of corrosion. Water and oxygen must be present

Corrosion - Occurs with all metals, deterioration of the metal through a reaction with oxygen

Question 22

What is the word equation for rusting?

Answer 22

Iron + Water + Oxygen → Hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 23

What are methods to prevent rusting?

Answer 23

Physical Barrier, Sacrificial Protection, Galvanising

Question 24

Explain the process of Physical Barrier

Answer 24

Other products applied on iron to prevent rusting

Question 25

Explain the process of Sacrificial Protection

Answer 25

Uses another, more reactive metal on top of the iron to prevent rusting

Question 26

Explain the process of Galvanising

Answer 26

Iron is coated in a layer of zinc, that if scratched, will sacrifice itself and corrode as it is more reactive