Structure of atoms and ions

Question 1

Where are electrons found?

Answer 1

On the shell

Question 2

Where are neutrons found?

Answer 2

In the nucleus

Question 3

Where are protons found?

Answer 3

In the nucleus

Question 4

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 4

+1

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

0

Question 6

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 6

-1

Question 7

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 9

1/1836

Question 10

In an atom, where is all the mass concentrated?

Answer 10

In the nucleus, because electrons have a far smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons

Question 11

How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?

Answer 11

Add number of protons and neutrons together

Question 12

What is the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 12

The number of protons, the number of electrons

Question 13

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Answer 13

Mass Number (Protons + Neutrons) - Atomic Number (= Protons, = Electrons) = Neutrons

E.g. Phosphorus
31 (Mass Number) - 15 (Atomic Number) = 16 Neutrons

Question 14

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held on shell 1?

Answer 14

2 Electrons

Question 15

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held on shells 2 and onwards (for the first 20 elements)?

Answer 15

8 Electrons

Question 16

What are ions? What do they carry?

Answer 16

Ions are formed when atoms, or groups of atoms, gain or lose electrons. They carry an electrical charge, either positive (Cation) or negative (Anion)

Question 17

How do you determine the charge of an ion?

Answer 17

Number of protons - Number of electrons

Question 18

For the first 20 elements, atoms lose or gain electrons so they achieve what configuration?

Answer 18

A noble gas configuration (Group 0/8)

Question 19

How do you write an ionic compound?

Answer 19

Start by writing the two ions next to each other, first positive then negative. If the numbers in the charges are the same, the formula is written with no negatives or positives (Metal is always written first). If they are different, solve like balancing equations.

E.g.
Li¹⁺ Cl¹⁻ → LiCl
Na¹⁺ S²⁻ → Na₂S
Al³⁺ NO₃⁻ → AlNO