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GCSE PE > Y9 Summer Work > Flashcards

Y9 Summer Work Flashcards

Make flash cards of the key terms of each topic and learn the definitions

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1
Q

abduction

A

movement of a bone/limb away from the midline of the body

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2
Q

adduction

A

movement of a bone/limb towards the midline of the body

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3
Q

aerobic exercise

A

working at a low/moderate intensity so that the body has time to use oxygen for energy production and can work for a long period of time

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4
Q

alveoli

A

small air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place

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5
Q

anaerobic exercise

A

working for short periods of time at a high intensity without oxygen for energy production

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6
Q

antagonist

A

the muscle/group of muscles that relax to allow a movement to take place it works in an antagonistic pair with agonist

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7
Q

articulating bones

A

bones that meet at a joint to create movement

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8
Q

backflow

A

the flowing backwards of blood. Valves in the veins prevent this

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9
Q

blood pressure

A

the pressure that the blood is under. The systolic reading measures the pressure the blood is under when the heart contracts. The diastolic reading measures the pressure the blood is under when the heart relaxes

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10
Q

capillaries

A

network of microscopic blood vessels. They are only one cell thick making it easy for diffusion to occur

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11
Q

cardiac cycle

A

one cycle of diastole and systole

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12
Q

cardiac output (Q)

A

the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute. Cardiac output (Q) = stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)

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13
Q

cardio respiratory system

A

the name used to describe the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system working together

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14
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood containing low concentration of oxygen

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15
Q

diastole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood

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16
Q

diffusion pathway

A

the distance travelled during diffusion. The diffusion pathway is short in gaseous exchange

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17
Q

DOMS

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, the pain you feel in your muscles the day after you exercise

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18
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the ankle joint

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19
Q

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

A

the amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise. It is characterised by an increased breathing rate and deeper breathing after exercise

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20
Q

Exhalation

A

the process of breathing out. AKA expiration

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21
Q

expiration

A

the process of breathing out. AKA exhalation

22
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be forced out after tidal volume (a normal expiration). Expiration reserve volume decreases during exercise

23
Q

extension

A

increases the angle of bones at a joint

24
Q

fatigue

A

physical fatigue is a feeling of extreme/severe tiredness due to a build up of lactic acid in the muscles or working for a long period of time

25
Q

flexion

A

decrease in the angle of bones at a joint

26
Q

gaseous exchange

A

the process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli

27
Q

haemoglobin

A

the protein found in the red blood cell that transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide around the body

28
Q

heart rate

A

the number of times your heart beats in one minute. One heartbeat is one contraction and relaxation of the heart. Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (BPM)

29
Q

hypertrophy

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the size of its cells. When a muscle is trained small tears are created. As they heal they become ticker and increase in size

30
Q

inhalation

A

the process of breathing in. AKA inspiration

31
Q

inspiration

A

the process of breathing in. AKA inhalation

32
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

the amount of ait that can be forced in after tidal volume (after a normal inspiration). Inspiratory reserve volume decreases during exercise

33
Q

intensity

A

the amount of energy needed to complete an activity. working at a high intensity requires a large amount of energy. Working at a low intensity requires less energy

34
Q

isometric contraction

A

a muscle contraction where the length of the muscle doesn’t change when contracted. there is no limb movement as a result

35
Q

isotonic contraction

A

a muscle contraction where the muscle changes length when it contracts resulting in limb movement. Can be concentric (when the muscle contracts and shortens) or eccentric (when the muscle contracts and lengthens)

36
Q

lactic acid

A

a mild poison and waste product of anaerobic respiration

37
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

the name used to describe the muscular system and the skeletal system working together

38
Q

oxygenated blood

A

blood containing a high concentration of oxygen

39
Q

oxyhaemoglobin

A

a chemical formed when haemoglobin bonds to oxygen

40
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint

41
Q

prime mover (agonist)

A

the muscle/group of muscles that contract to create movement. The prime mover works in an antagonistic pair with the antagonist

42
Q

pulse

A

the rhythmic throbbing that you can feel as your arteries pump blood around the body. You can measure your heart rate using your pulse

43
Q

residual volume

A

the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration. There is no change in the residual volume during exercise

44
Q

rotation

A

a circular movement around a joint or in other words a movement around an axis

45
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction

46
Q

synovial joint

A

an area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet

47
Q

systole

A

the phase of a heartbeat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty the blood; when blood is ejected from the heart

48
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Its role is to transfer the effort created by a contracting muscle to the bone resulting in the movement of that bone

49
Q

tidal volume

A

the normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath. Tidal volume increases with exercise

50
Q

vasoconstriction

A

the narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow. The arteries constrict during exercise so that less blood is delivered to inactive areas

51
Q

vasodilation

A

the widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow. During exercise the arteries dilate so more blood is delivered to active areas, increasing their oxygen supply

52
Q

vital capacity

A

the largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after the deepest possible inspiration

GCSE PE (4 decks)

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