Heart Flashcards
What is systole/systolic?
When the ventricle chamber contracts and pushes blood into the arteries ejecting blood out of the heart
What is diastolic?
When the heart is refilling
What is the pulse?
The heart pump/beat
Define cardiac output
The amount of blood that leaves the heart in 1 minute
How do you work out the Cardiac output?
Stroke volume times by the heart rate
What is stroke volume?
Volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle by one contraction
What is the heart rate?
Number of times the heart beats in one minute
Is the heart an organ or a muscle?
Muscle
What is the role of the Vena cavas?
It’s the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
What is the role of the right atrium?
One of the 2 upper chambers of the heart, where blood enters.
What is the role of the right ventricle?
One of the two lower chambers of the heart, where blood leaves?
What is the role of the aorta?
Artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
What is the role of the pulmonary artery?
It is the artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the role of the pulmonary veins?
The veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the role of the left atrium?
One of the two upper chambers of the heart where blood enters
What is the role of left ventricle?
One of the two lower chambers of the heart where blood leaves
What is the role of the septum?
This seperates the left side from the right side of the heart
What is the role of the valve on the right side of the heart?
One way gate that seperates the right atrium from the right ventricle
What is the role of the valve of the left side of the heart?
A one way gate that seperates the left atrium from the left ventricle
What is the role of the valve near the middle of the heart?
A one way gate that stops blood flowing back into the heart
What is blood pressure?
The force of the blood going through the veins
What are the 5 main places to find a pulse?
Temple Neck/carotid Wrist/radial Thumb Groin/femoral - biggest artery
What is the average resting cardiac output?
5litres of blood per min
What is the vascular shunt?
When blood is redistributed to the working muscles duing exercise and less is sent to the other organs
Vasoconstriction
Blood vessels constrict, getting smaller and tighter, reducing blood flow
Vasodilation
Blood vessels widen and allow increased blood flow
Pathway of deoxygenated blood
Vena Cava→right atrium→tricuspid valve→right ventricle→semiluna valve→pulmonary artery→lungs
Pathway of oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein→left atrium→bicuspid valve→left ventricle→semilunar valve→aorta→body
Structural features of an artery
Thick muscular wall (thickest)
Small internal diameter (cross sectional area)
Deals with high viscosity and blood pressure
Don’t have valves
A pulse can be found
Structural features of a vein
Thinner walls compared to artery
Larger internal diameter (cross sectional area) of an artery
Deal with low and slow blood pressure
Have valves to stop backflow
Function of an artery
Take blood away from the heart
Function of a vein
Bring blood back to the heart
Effect on cardiac output when you exercise
Increases
Average resting heart rate
75bpm
Anticipatory rise
Heart rate starts to rise slightly before exercise as you anticipate the activity.
Short term effect of exercise
Temperature - Get hotter
Sweat
Muscular system - micro tears (weight training)
Skeletal system - Increased production of synovial fluid
Respiratory response - Breathe deeper and more frequently your TV and respiratory rates will all increse
Cardiac - EVERYTHING INCREASES
