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Y9 Science > Y9 Physics > Flashcards

Y9 Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

(EP) the energy of position or place.
Eg a rock resting at the top of the hill has a gravitational potential energy

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2
Q

Nuclear energy

A

(En) energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, holding the nucleus together

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3
Q

Chemical potential energy

A

(Ecp) energy stored in the bonds of atoms & molecules

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4
Q

Electrical potential energy

A

(Ee) energy transferred in electrical circuits

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5
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

(Eep) the energy stored in springs and elastic objects by the application of force

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6
Q

Kinetic energy

A

(Ek) the energy of motion

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7
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy can only be transformed or transferred, not created or destroyed

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8
Q

Law of electrostatic attraction

A

Objects oppositely charged feel an attractive force towards each other, conversely, those with the same charge will feel repelled from each other

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9
Q

Elementary charge

A

The size of charge for (a) single electron or proton

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10
Q

Charge separation

A

The imbalance of charges between 2 locations > static electricity

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11
Q

Potential difference

A

The energy(per unit charge) transformed by a load
> measured in volts

Transformed * used by an appliance

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12
Q

Atom

A

The basic unit of matter
> retains characteristics during chemical reactions

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13
Q

EMF

A

Energy per unit charge provided to a circuit by a power source
> measured in Volts (v)

EMF > Electromagnetic Field

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14
Q

Load

A

Any part of an electrical circuit transforming electrical potential energy into another type of energy

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15
Q

Resistor

A

An object resisting the flow of electrons

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16
Q

Conductor

A

A material with free electrons
> allowing electrons to flow through it

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17
Q

Insulator

A

A material without free electrons
> typically doesn’t allow charge to flow through it

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18
Q

Electrical resistance

A

Opposition to electron flow provided by a material.
Measured in Ohms

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19
Q

Power

A

The amount of energy transformed by a load every second
Measured in watts (W)

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20
Q

Ion

A

A particle with a positive or negative charge - not neutral
> with an imbalance in protons to electrons

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21
Q

Electric current

A

The flow of charges (electrons)
> measured in Amps (A)

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22
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work (stuff)
> measured in Joules (J)

23
Q

Sound energy

A

(Es) the vibrational movement of particles that travel in waves through gases, liquids, and solids

24
Q

Thermal energy

A

(Q) the internal energy of substances, flowing from one location to another due to temperature

25
Q

Light energy

A

(El) the electromagnetic energy that travels via waves

26
Q

Free electron

A

An electron not tightly held by its nucleus

27
Q

Watt = ? / second

A

Joules

28
Q

Elements of an energy story

A

Ecp (power station) Ecp refers to energy at power station

Ee (wires) refers to energy through wires

29
Q

Gradient in Current / Voltage

A

Resistance

30
Q

Moving charge refers to

A

Current through circuits

31
Q

3 ways charge imbalance can be restored

A

Good
Ants
Eat

Grounding
Air
Electrostatic

32
Q

9 types of energy
5 Potential

A

Good
Cucumbers
Never
Enter
Excited

  1. Gravitational
  2. Chemical
  3. Nuclear
  4. Elastic
  5. Electrical
33
Q

Directions of charged particles

[Negative] [Negative]

A

Repel

<- [Negative] [Negative] ->

34
Q

4 factors affecting resistance

A

Leopards
Will
Make
Tea

Length
Width
Material
Temperature

35
Q

The relationship between the resistance of an object and its current through

A

As resistance increases, current decreases

36
Q

The relationship between EMF across an object & its current

A

As EMF (Voltage) increases, Current increases

37
Q

The relationship between Current, Resistance, and Voltage

A

Ohm’s Law
V = IR

V (Voltage) = I (Current) R (Resistance)

38
Q

How to distinguish between V to I graphs with Ohmic vs Non-Ohmic resistors

A

Ohmic
Linear
= Fixed Resistance

Non-Ohmic
Non-linear
= Non-fixed Resistance

39
Q

Formula to find Power, Current, or Voltage

A

P = I x V

Power = Current x Voltage

40
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Neutral atoms have different amounts of Protons (+) and Electrons (-)

A

False
They have equal amounts

41
Q

Formula to find Power, Energy, or Time

A

P = E / T

Power = Energy / Time

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Atoms can lose or gain Electrons becoming Neutral particles

A

False

They become charged particles or Ions

43
Q

A neutral particle that Loses an Electron becomes

A

Positive

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE
When losing or gaining electrons, the protons never move

A

True

45
Q

A Neutral particle that GAINS an Electron becomes

A

Negative

46
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Like charges attract and
Unlike charges repel

A

False

Like charges Repel and
Unlike charges Attract

47
Q

1 Volt = ? Watts

A

1000 Watts

48
Q

4 factors affecting resistance in a wire
> + relationships of factors to resistance

A
  1. Length - Longer wire = More Resistance
  2. Width - Greater width = Lower Resistance
  3. Material - Different materials = Different Resistance
  4. Temperature - Higher Temp = Higher Resistance
49
Q

3 ways charge imbalance can be restored
+ what they mean

A
  1. Grounding of the object - allowing excess electrons to flow to, or from, the earth
  2. Air - leaving an object untouched, causing it to gradually lose/gain electrons through air’s molecules
  3. Electrostatic - an oppositely charged object is brought near, therefore allowing electrons to jump & neutralise
50
Q

9 types of Energy

4 Non-Potential?

A

Kids
Start
The
Laughter

Kinetic
Sound
Thermal
Light

51
Q

Direction of charged particles;

+ [Positive] [Negative] -

A

Attracted

+ [Positive] -> <- [Negative] -

52
Q

9 types of energy

5 Potential
4 Non-Potential (moving)

A

Potential
1. Gravitational
2. Chemical
3. Nuclear
4. Elastic
5. Electrical

Non-Potential
1. Kinetic
2. Sound
3. Heat (thermal)
4. Light

53
Q

Which way will current travel for this battery?
+ — | | | |— -

A

Down, to the negative shorter side
(as it is repelled from the negative, attracted to the positive side)

Y9 Science (3 decks)

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