Y9 Earth Sciences

Question 1

epicentre:

Answer 1

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

Question 2

erosion:

Answer 2

The gradual wearing away and removal of rock at the surface of Earth

Question 3

igneous rock:

Answer 3

A type of rock formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

Question 4

lava:

Answer 4

molten rock above Earth’s surface

Question 5

lithification:

Answer 5

the process in which sediments come together to form sedimentary rock

Question 6

lithosphere:

Answer 6

is a layer of earth consisting of the crust and the lithospheric mantle

Question 7

magma:

Answer 7

molten rock located below Earth’s surface

Question 8

metamorphic rock:

Answer 8

a type of rock formed by heat and pressure

Question 9

mineral:

Answer 9

a naturally-occurring, inorganic solid substance

Question 10

protolith:

Answer 10

The original rock that has undergone metamorphism.

Question 11

rock cycle:

Answer 11

an idealised series of processes undergone by rocks in Earth’s crust that change rocks from one type to another

Question 12

sedimentary rock:

Answer 12

a type of rock formed by the accumulation and lithification of sediment

Question 13

subduction:

Answer 13

a geological process at convergent boundaries where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another plate

Question 14

tsunami:

Answer 14

a large ocean wave (or series of waves) caused by the displacement of large amounts of water, typically due to an earthquake or large landslide

Question 15

weathering:

Answer 15

the gradual breakdown of rock while it remains in the same place; weathering can be caused by many things, including heating, cooling, wind, rain, chemical reactions, plant roots and human activity