Y2 Long Term Health Conditions Flashcards
How might you define patient centred care?
> Provision of care that places the patient at the centre ensuring the healthcare system is designed to meet the needs and preferences of patients as defined by patients themselves.
Said to be patient centred if it is based on the principles and values that define patient-centredness, found in the International Alliance of Patients’ Organisations Declaration on Patient-Centered Healthcare
What are the 5 principles outlined by the Declaration on Patient-Centred Healthcare?
> Respect > Choice and empowerment > Patient involvement in health policy > Access and support > Information
What groups are long term conditions more prevalent in?
> Older people
> More deprived groups
Percentages of GP appointments, outpatients and inpatient bed days accounted for by long term conditions?
50% of GP appointments
64% of outpatient appointments
Over 70% of all inpatient bed days
Definition of incidence
Number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified time period (can give show trends in causation and aetiology of disease)
Definition of prevalence
Number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time (so can give info about amount of disease in a population)
What is vulnerability?
Individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis can be deemed vulnerability
What can contribute to the burden of treatment experienced by patients/caregivers?
> Changing behaviour or policing behaviour of others to adhere to lifestyle modifications
Monitoring and managing their symptoms at home
Complex treatment regimens and multiple drugs
Complex administrative systems, and accessing, navigating and coping with uncoordinated health and social care systems
What is biographical disruption?
Loss of confidence in the body which leads to loss of confidence in social interaction or self-identity due to a long term health condition
Impact of long term conditions on individual, family, and society?
> Individual - can be negative or positive, can include denial, self-pity and apathy
Family - can be financial, emotional and physical (may become ill as a result)
Society - isolation of the individual may result
What is an expert patient?
> An individual who may know more about the condition they have than the healthcare professional.
Use of their knowledge could be beneficial to the patient’s care and their quality of life.
Can become key decision makers in the treatment process
3 definitions of disability, what are they?
> Dictionary - Lacking in one or more physical powers such as the ability to walk or coordinate ones movements
Legal - difficulty can be physical, sensory or mental. A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities, ongoing for more than 12 months.
WHO - in terms of body and structure impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction.
Further explain the parts of the WHO definition of disability
> Body and structure impairment - abnormalities of structure, organ or system function
Activity limitation - changed functional performance and activity by the individual
Participation restriction - disadvantage experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities
4 parts of medical model of disability
> Individual/personal cause
Underlying pathology
Individual level intervention
Individual change
4 parts of social model of disability
> Societal cause
Conditions relating to housing
Social/political action needed
Societal attitude changes
