Y11 Work

Question 1

What did the USSr bel;ieve in?

Answer 1

Connunmism

Question 2

What was the Cold War?

Answer 2

The Cold War was the war in which there was hostility and tension between the countries on America’s side and the countries on Russia’s side

Question 3

Who were the Big 3 during the Cold War?

Answer 3

Stalin, Churchill, Rosevelt

Question 4

What main points came out of the Yalta Conference?

Answer 4

Stalin made a deal with Germany that if they surrender then Russia will enter the war against Japan
The Big three have collectivly made a descision to hunt down the War Criminals who were at at large during this War.
All of them agreed that Germany should be split into 4 zones: American, French, British and Soviet
They have all agreed to join the UN to stop future wars

Question 5

What was the Iron Curtain?

Answer 5

The Iron Curtain was a wall between the west and the Soviet Controlled Countries. Churchill named it the iron curtain because he believed that Stalin was covering something up, just like a curtain would do.

Question 6

Why did the Iron Curtain create Tension?

Answer 6

The Iron Wall created tension between the east and the west. This is because neither of these teams knew what the other was plotting and they felt like they couldent trust eachother. It is believed that this tension is one of the reasons of the existence of the cold war.

Question 7

Why did the USA - USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?

Answer 7

They had differing views of Communism and capitalist.
In the past, USA had helped enemies of the communists and this made USSR wary of USA.

Question 8

• How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?

Answer 8

From the Iron Curtain.
Stalin acheived the dommmination of Eastern Europe that he was seeking.

Question 9

• How did the United States react to Soviet expansionism?

Answer 9

The Western Powers were all alarmed by Stalin’s takeover of Eastern Europe because they did not expect such complete communist takeover
They decided to reat with the Truman Doctrine and The Marshal Plan

Question 10

What is Cominform?

Answer 10

The Communist Information Buerau was a spy network which gathered information to help control communist countries.
In October 1947, Stalin set up the Communist Information Bureu or Cominform to co ordinate the work of the communist parties of Eastern Europe.

Question 11

What is the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 11

The plan to send money, euuipment and advice to any country which was threatened by a communist take over

Question 11

What is the Marshal Plan / aid?

Answer 11

Truman believe4d that connumism sucseeded when people faced poverty and hardship, therefore he sent George Marshal to acess the Economic State of Europe and there was a ruined economy within Europe’s countrys. Although the Marshal Plan was too much money and the americans didn’t like it so they created Marshal Aid where:
the USA would create new markets or American goods (so that the depression would not happen again)
The US goverment would give aid to states who ebrased democracy (only given to countrys that the US would aprove of)

Question 12

What was Containment?

Answer 12

Trumans idea to keep connumism in Eastern Europe. He knew Eastern Europe was aken over so he didn’t want to spread it any further. He achieved containment through the Truman Doctrine.

Question 13

Why did Truman create the Marshal Aid and Truman Plan?

Answer 13

To Create Containmen and to make America look good so that other countries would trade with them.

Question 14

What were the causes of the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 14

Stalin felt he had to show the western leaders that he would fight back if they enroached on the Soviet sphere of inflence so in June 1948, Stalin blocked these supply lines stopping the western powers reaching their zones in Berlin.

Question 15

What were the Conseuinces (good or bad)?

Answer 15

Berlin became a power symbol of the Cold War
The War also led to each side never trusting achother and the otjher would accept that they had a good and valid case

Question 16

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 16

The Americans knew they had to do something othereise the western zones ofGermany may fall to the communist USSR. So Truman ordered aircrafts to fly into Berlin and give resources to help them. The USSR could not shoot them down because that would be an act of war

Question 17

What is NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 17

At heigjht of the Berlin Crisis, the Western Powers met in Washington DC and signed an agreement ti work together. So in April 1949, they made NATO.
In Response, I 1955 the USSR created the Warsaw Pact with all of the communist states in Eastern Europe where they prommised 5o defend each other if any one of them was attacked

Question 18

Who was to blame for the Cold War?

Answer 18

America were more responsable because they started Nato which increased tension
Russia started the cold war because they increased tension from deploying spys
Truman Doctine - USA was going against Russia and was giving aid to the people that he was trying to control. It was very Anti Communist
USA was to bleme because they broke Stalin’s blockade
USSR - stalin wanted to be the only dictator and he didn’t like anybody disagreeing with him. He was paranoid and lied
USA was hiding the atomic bomb from russia when they were supposed to be in the big 3 and gave secrets away to britian instead.
Many Beliebe the Russian Revolution was also one of the long term csauses of the War because Stalin realised people didn’t like his ideas

Question 19

What was the Russian Revolution?

Answer 19

The Bolsheviks murderred the Russian Civil Family in 1917 because of their capitalist ideas. This included the Tsar Nickolas II. THe Bolsheviks killed them to make sure they could never be in power again.
The Russian Revolution included violence and looting in 1917. THis included the Bolsheviks.
There were two sides. THe reds wanted communism and overwhrow the monarchy but the whites didnt want communism and wanted to keep the king.
This influenced the Colld War because Stalin now knew that people didn’t like him and his communist ideas, therefore leaving to tension and it set the stage for the ris-e of the soviet union against USA

Question 20

What was the Red Scare?

Answer 20

The fear that Americans held of Conumism and that communists could be lurking anywhere in America

Question 21

What was the reason for the Red Scare?

Answer 21

Soviet Expansion in Europe - USSR taking over Eastern Europe
The Berlin Blockade - Stalin wanted to absorb a part of Berlin into Eastern Germany
USSR obtaining the atom bomb, Aug 1949 - scared people
North Korea’s invasion of South Korea, Sept 1950
The Domino Effect

Question 22

Why was there a Bitter Hostility between North and South Korea?

Answer 22

Because the north was communist controlled and the south was anti communist. In 1950, this hostility spilled into an open warfare

Question 23

Since Truman wanted to Contain Communism, How did he react to the Outbreak of the Korean War?

Answer 23

He sent supplies to the seas around Korea for the South
He also , In September 1950, made the UN send their troops to the South to stop communism spreading.
Truman used the UN so that he could avoid asking Congress and he could have collective security. He fought North Korea to fight back the spread of communism.

Question 24

Why did the North invade the South?

Answer 24

The North invaded the South because they wanted to spread communism and unite the North and South with communism

Question 25

Why did the Korean War end?

Answer 25

4. The War ended when Stalin died and the backing of the russsians had gone. The new US president Eisenhower Also campaigned for peace and had a big role in stopping this war.

Question 26

Why was the Korean War a sucsess for the USA?

Answer 26

5. The War was a sucsess for the US because in the end, the US got what they wanted in the end because they stopped communism from spreading in the South. Although, they didn’t take over North Korea, they still stopped over the communist rule taking over South Korea
   From stopping communism in south korea, communism stopped for some time (a sort of dommino effect)
   This had shown that America would not stop fighting and countries now had known not to start a battle with america.

Question 27

What was the Cuban Revolution?

Answer 27

The Cuban Revolution was an effort to overthrow the government. The Pheasents of the lower class rose up against Batista’s dicgtatorship and turned to Fidel Castro. He was the leader of the revolution and was idealised for this.

Question 28

Why was the US in shock of the Cuban Revolution?

Answer 28

USA was probably shook by this in worries that this would one day happen to them. They were also worried about how they had just lost an allied country to connumism and that they had a lot of interest in. This flattened Cuba and America’s relationship.
USA was also worried because they have lost their influence against Cuba since Batista is no longer dictator and now someone who does not have the same views as USA (fidel castro). He is communist, batista is not.

Question 29

Why did the Pheasents like Fidel Castro?

Answer 29

Pheasents supported Fidel Castro because he was promoting the lifestyle and ideas that they liked and wanted. And since the majority of Cuba was lower class and Poor, it wasnt hard for Castro to gain the most votes from the people in Cuba.

Question 30

What was the Bay of Pigs invasion and explain what Happened?

Answer 30

The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military Landing.
JFK wanted to invade Cuba however the Americans didn’t want to invade directly. JKF supplied arms, Equipment and transport for 1400 anti castro exiles to invade Cuba intending to overthrow Castro.
In April 1961, the Soilders landed at the Bay of Pigs where the invasion failed drastically. They were met by 20, 000 Cuban troops which were armed with tanks and modern wepoans.
Castro captured or killed them all within days. This had shown how weak America was and was not a good look on JFK’s first big mission. This was a big propaganda victory for Cuba.

Question 31

What did Kennedy decide to do to move on from the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

Answer 31

Kennedy decided to make a Blockade on Cuba. This banned the Soviet Union from bringing in any millitary supplies to Cuba.

Question 32

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 32

This was when Cuba had missiles and the US had to prevent the missiles from going anywhere. They fixed part of this by making a blockade so that the Soviet Union could not give any more missles

Question 33

Who was the Cuban Missile Crisis significant for and Why?

Answer 33

Kennedy and the US - this was signifciatnt for hinm because he came out with a much greater reputation because he had stood up to Krushchev and made him back down, although his NATO allies were unhappy because he agreed to remove the missiles from Turkey although this should have been a descision for NATO
Krushchev and the USSR - Krushchev highlighted his role as a responsable peacemaker willing to make the first move towards compromise, although he had been forced to ack down and remove the missles and this made him look weak. In 1964 Krushchev was forced from power by his enemies in the USSR. Many believe that this was brevause of th Missle Crisis
Castro and Cuba - Castro was very upset by Krushchev’s deal with America but he had to accept. Although the missiles were removed from Cuba, it remaind an important base for communist operations in South America and for a latwer Civil War.

Question 34

Why did the Soviet Union place Nucluer Missles in Cuba?

Answer 34

To bargain with the USA. Krushivev believed that if he agreed to remove the missiles on Cuba, then America could do something in return for them. This was so that in future, then the Soviet Union would be packed up if they needed something. This could be seen as a form of blackmail.

To close the Missle Gap. Kruchivev was so concerned about the Missle Gap between the USA and USSR and was terrified that USA would launch missiles at them. Although, with USA knowing about the missles on Cuba, it was less likely that the USA would launch a first strike against the USS\R. Kruschivev wanted to put the Missles in cuba so that he would be at the same level of power as USA location wise and power wise. In Addition, Cuba was in “Uncle Sams Backyard” which symbolised how close \cuba and USA was.

Question 35

What was the Outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 35

Cuba remained Communist and heavely armed
Perminant hotline between White House and Kremlin (the russian white house) so that they could talk whenever discussing big descisions
this meant that the two biggest world leaders would be in communication with eachother so that if there was a crisis, it would be sorted

Question 36

Was the Cuban Missile Crisis a sucsess for Containment?

Answer 36

Yes, because it stopped Connumism from spreading in other countries. This is because other countries had seen how powerful America was and therefore other countries didn’t want to spread Connumism because they would have to face America.

Question 37

Was the Cuban Missile Crisis a Sucsess for Containment?

Answer 37

Yes, because it stopped Connumism from spreading in other countries. This is because other countries had seen how powerful America was and therefore other countries didn’t eant to spread Connumism because they would have to face America.

Question 38

What is Guerilla Warfare?

Answer 38

Guerilla Warfare - avoiding big wars and making traps and tunnels to trap the US Soilders and ruin their Morale. They would attack and then dissapear into the Jungle. Gurilla in spanish means Little War which was what they fought. They used booby traps, ambushes.

Close Contact which is used through an ambush normwally.

Question 39

Who led the Viet Minh and when was it formed?

Answer 39

Ho Chi Minh, formed in 1941
\The Japanease treated people living in Vietnam horribly, so the people in Vietnam created the Viet Minh so they could fight for their freedom.

Question 40

Why was Vietnam split into two?

Answer 40

Because of the War they had with the French, there was a Geneva conference where it was Decided that North to be rolud by the Viet Minh (communist)
South to be the State of Vietnam (anti communist)

Question 41

What were the Viet Minh soilders called and how many were there?

Answer 41

60, 000 Viet Kong

Question 42

Why did kennedy step into the Vietnam War?

Answer 42

Because he believed that if Korea and Vietnam fell to the Communists, the rest of Southeast Asia would inevitably fall to the Communists.
(the domino theory)