WW1 Flashcards
When was the Paris Peace Conference?
January 1919
Who was the Big 3 in the Paris Peace Conference?
George Clemenceau
David Lloyd George
Woodrow Wilson
What was the 14 point plan and who made it?
Created by Woodrow Wilson
A basis for ending the war fairly so that future wars could be avoided
What were the different beliefs from the Big 3 of what decision to make?
Wilson didn’t eant to be too haarsh on germany or they woud want revenge although he wanted to give a consequeince to Germany
Loyd George agreed with Wilson that Germany shouldent be punished harshly
Although Lloyd George believed that Germany had to lose its navy and its colonies because they threatened the British Empire (Wilson didn’t want htis)
Clemencau found Wilson very hard to work with and he pointed out that God only needed 10 commandments (diss at 14 points)
Clemenceau wanted to punish germany for their actions. He believed the treaty was an oppertunity to xripple Germany so that they could not attack France again.
Clemenceau clashed with Wilsona dn Lloyd George on the idea about not punishing Germany to badly
Wilson believed tat they should strengthen democracy in broken nations so that people cold have a vote or choice instead of letting the leader make them go into War
What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versalles?
THE MAIN TERMS OF THE TREATY IS:
War Guilt - Germany had to acceptthe blame for starting the war
Rpertions - Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies for the damage caused by the war
German Territories and Colonies - an example of this is Germany was forbidden to join together with austria (achlauss)
Germany’s Armed Forces - The German armed forces were Restricted to a lower level eg army was limited to. 100, 000 men, navy could only have 6 battleships and germany were not allowed submarines and aircrafts
League of Nations - LON was set up as a international “police force”, Germany was not invited to join the league until it had shown that it was a peace making country
At what date was the Treaty of Versalles signed?
June 28th, 1919
What were the Consequinces of the Treaty for Germany?
Political Voilence - Right Wing Opponents of Ebert’s government could not bear the treaty so they started a revolution called the “Kapp Pustch”.But not long after, they were defeated by a General Strike by Berlin workers which stopped power and transport
Conflict in the Ruhr - Under the Treaty, germany agreed to pay £6, 600 million in reparations to the Allies. The first installment of £50 million was paid in 1921 but nothing was paid in 1922. Ebert tired to negotiate but the French ran out of patience. In 1923 French and Belgian soldiers entered the Ruhr reigon and simply took what was owed to them in the form of raw materials and goods.
Germany didn’t like this so they ordered the workers to go on strike so that they were not producing anything for the French to take. The French reacted harshly and killed over 100 workers. The strike meant that Germany had no goods to trade and no money to buy things with, therefore leading to hyderinflation.
Hyperinflation - The Goverment solved the problem of having no money by printing extra money, this caused the hyperinflation problem. The money was worthless so prices shot up. Wages began to be paid daily instead of weekly
Summary - while the treaty did cause big problems for Germany, many Germans blamed it for problems that had nothing to do with it
10 Percent of its land was gone
12.5 percent of itś population was gone
How did Germans react to the Treaty of Versalles?
Germany felt insulted from not being invited to join the League of Nations
Germans were angry that they’re goverment was not represented at the peacetalks and that they were being forced to accept a harsh treaty without any choice or comment
Germans didn’t like the “War Guilt due to” how they believed they didn’t start the War and they believed the blame should have been shared
What was the impact of the Treaty of Versalles on Germany?
Millitary: Germany’s Armed Forces - The German armed forces were Restricted to a lower level eg army was limite to 100, 000 men, navy could only have 6 battleships and germany were not allowed submarines and aircrafts
Political: Germany could not join the LON,
Territorial: Alsuace Lorraine was returned to France, Germany was forbidden to untie with Austria, All of Germanys colonies were given to Britian and France
Financial: Germany had to pay 132 billion Gold Marks (£6, 600) in reparations, the loans forced Germany to fall into Hyperinflation, therefore destroying Germany’s financial exonomy
Punishment: Germany had to accept the blame for the War
What were others reactions to the Treaty of Versalles?
Some said it was unfair: none of the big three were happy with the treaty (all for different reasons). Some throught that the peacemakers were blind and selfish and as a result they produced a disastrous treaty that would cause another terrible war.
Others said the Treaty was Fair: Many people believed that the Germans were being hypocrits because of how they treated Russia in the Treaty of Brent Litovsk in 1918.
There was also the fact that Germany’s economic problems were partially self inflicted. Other states raised taxes to pay for the war, but instead Germany just let the debts to amount up
When was the Armistice signed?
The Armistice (11:00AM / 11th day / 11th month / 1918 )
What was the Armistice?
The Armistice was the ceasefire that ended hostilities between the Allies and Germany on the 11th of November 1918.
What is Communism?
the belief that all people should be equal and there should be no differences between social classes or wealth
What is Socialism?
the belief that people should be helped to become more equal by the state (goverment). In Socialist States, the government taxes the wealthiest larger amounts and uses the money for things like education or healthcare
What is Fascism?
the belief that people should not have equal rights because some are superior to others. In a Fascist society, some society groups are prevented from being equal to others via discrimination. This coild be based on race, religion etc. There is a large divide between rich and poor.
