Y10 Spring Term Chemistry Round Up Flashcards
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction where more energy comes out than in. In an exothermic reaction the reactants have more energy than the products
What’s an endothermic reaction?
A reaction where more energy comes in than out. In a endothermic reaction the products have more energy than the reactants
Give an example of an exothermic reaction
Combustion, oxidation, neutralisation etc.
Give an example of a endothermic reaction
Thermal decomposition
What’s an example of an everyday use of an exothermic reaction and how does it do this?
Self-heating cans, hand warmers etc. They give out heat energy to the surroundings
What’s a example of an everyday use of a endothermic reaction and how does it do this?
Cool packs for sports injuries. Chemicals take in heat energy and cool the surroundings
What’s the reaction profile for an exothermic reaction?
Products are at a lower energy level than reactants
What’s the reaction profile for a endothermic reaction?
Products are at a higher energy level than reactants
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a reaction
What does the acronym BINMIX stand for?
(Bond) Breaking
Is
eNdothermic
(Bond) Making
Is
eXothermic
How does bond energy work in exothermic reactions?
More energy comes out making bonds
How does bond energy work in endothermic reactions?
More energy comes in breaking bonds
What is a pure substance?
A single element/compound that isn’t mixed with any other substance
What is formulation?
A mixture that has been designed as a useful product
What is chromatography?
A technique that can be used to separate mixtures and identify the substances
How do you test for carbon dioxide gas?
It turns limewater cloudy/milky
How do you test for hydrogen gas?
Bringing a lit splint into the presence of hydrogen gas causes it to make a squeaky pop sound
How do you test for oxygen gas?
You hold a glowing splint at the open end of a test tube If the glowing splint relights then the test tube contains oxygen
How do you test for chlorine gas?
To test for chlorine, you use damp litmus paper. When chlorine gas is present the gas bleaches the paper white
What was Earth’s early atmosphere like?
It is unclear what Earth’s early atmosphere was like. However most scientists agree that Earth’s atmosphere most likely contained carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and ammonia
What caused the makeup of Earth’s early atmosphere?
Heavy volcanic activity
How were oceans formed?
From condensed water. Carbon dioxide dissolved in the oceans, carbonates precipitated (turned into solid bits) to form sediments
How were plants/algae formed?
Took in carbon dioxide and released oxygen in photosynthesis.
How were sedimentary rocks/fossil fuels formed?
Decreased carbon dioxide levels