Y10 Nutrition In Humans

Question 1

What chemical elements are found in carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

What are the uses of carbs in plants and animals?

Answer 2

Respiration (aerobic and anaerobic)
Stores of glucose (starch in plants and glycogen in animals)
Cellulose is used to make fibres that build plant cell walls

Question 3

What chemical elements are found in lipids?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 4

What are the uses of lipids in plants and animals?

Answer 4

Fats are very good energy stores
They help marine (sea) creatures to float - this is called buoyancy
Fats insulate nerve cells from electrical interference

Question 5

What chemical elements are found in protein?

Answer 5

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 6

What is protein used for?

Answer 6

Growth + tissue repair

Question 7

What chemical elements are found in nucleic acid?

Answer 7

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 8

What are some examples of nucleic acid?

Answer 8

DNA and RNA

Question 9

What are the uses of nucleic acid?

Answer 9

DNA hold instructions for the cell to use when building proteins
Ribosomes are made of one type of DNA (other types are used in the process of building proteins)

Question 10

Why is a balanced diet important?

Answer 10

Having an unbalanced diet can lead to malnutrition
This can cause a number of health problems in humans

Question 11

Cause + effect of starvation

Answer 11

Cause - Taking in less energy than is being used (over a long period of time)
Effect - body starts to break down energy stores - first fat, then muscle tissue - eventually damages the heart and immune system, increasing risk of disease

Question 12

Cause + effect of coronary heart disease

Answer 12

Cause - diet contains too much unsaturated fat and cholesterol
Effect - fat deposits in the arteries near the heart, less oxygen getting to heart, heart muscle cells get less oxygen, can lead to heart attacks and death

Question 13

Cause + effect of constipation

Answer 13

Cause - lack of fibre in diet
Effect - muscles do not get enough bulk to push waste through the alimentary canal, can increase risk of bowel cancer

Question 14

Cause + effect of obesity

Answer 14

Cause - taking in more energy than is being used
Effect - extra energy is stored as fat, contributes to development of many diseases eg heart disease and type 2 diabetes