Y1 TERM 1 Flashcards
what are te 3 divisions of the nasopharynx?
vestibule
respiratory region
olfactory region
what lines the respiratory region in the nose?
ciliated psuedostratified epithelium interspersed with goblet cells
what lines the olfactory region of the nose?
olfactory cells
what are the 4 nasal conchae?
inferior, middle and superior meatus
spheno-ethmoidal recess
whats the function of the conchae?
increase SA of nasal cavity so air can come into more contact with cavity walls which disrupts the fast flow making it slow and tubrulant, allowing air longer to be humidified
where does the eustachian tube open in the nose?
into the nasopharynx at the level of the inferor meatus but futher back
where does the nasolacrimal duct open?
in the inferior meatus
what is the cribiform plate?
part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity. it contains many small perforations allowing fibres of the olfactory nerve to enter and exit
what is the sphenopalatine foramen?
a hole to allow communication betwee nasal cavity and pterygopalatine fossa
what passes through the sphenopalatine foramen?
sphenopalatine artery, nasopalatine and superior nasal nerves
what is the incisive canal?
a pathway between the nasal cavity and the incisive fossa of the oral cavity
what passes through the incisive canal?
nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery.
why is it important that the nose has a very rich vascular supply?
so it can change the humidity and temperature of inspired air
what is Little’s area?
Kiesselbach’s plexus
found on the anteror nasal septum
anastamosis of anterior ethmoidal artery, posterior ethmoidal artery, sphenopalatine artery, greater palatine artery and septal branch of superior labial artery
what makes up the cartilaginous structure of the nose?
lateral cartilage
major alar cartilage
minor alar cartilage
what innervates the muscles of the nose?
facial nerve
what are the 3 muscles of the nose?
procerus
nasalis - transverse and alar part
depressor septi nasi
whats the function of the procerus muscle?
contraction can depress the medial eyebrow and wrinkle the skin of superior dorsum
whats the function of the transverse portion of the nasalis muscle?
assists the procerus muscle
whats the function of the alar part of nasalis?
dilates nares
whats the function of the depressor septi nasi?
assists action of alar part of nasalis muscle
why can infections spread from the nose into the cranial cavity?
because in some individuals some nasal veins join with the sigittal sinus
what carries out special sensory innervation of the nose?
olfactory nerves
what supplies general sensory innervation to the septum and lateral walls of the nerve?
nasociliary and nasopalatine branches
what supplies innervation to the external skin of the nose?
trigeminal nerve
where do the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoid air cells enter into the nose?
in the hiatus semilunaris
What are the two regions of the oral cavity?
oral vestibule and oral cavity proper
what forms the roof of the mouth?
the hard and soft palate
whats the epithelium of the hard palate?
superiorly respiratory mucosa and inferiorly by ora mucosa
whats the function of the soft palate?
it acts as a valve that can lowe r to close the ororpharyngeal isthmus and elevate to separate the nasopharynx from the oropharynx
which muscle forms the cheeks?
the buccinator muscle
what innervates the cheeks?
buccal nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)
what forms the floor of the oral cavity?
bilateral mylohyloid muscles and the geniohyoid muscle
what provides sensory innervation of the oral cavity?
branches of the trigeminal nerve
what innervates the hard palate?
greater palatine and nasopalatine nerve
what innervates the soft palate?
lesser palatine nerve
what provides sensory innervation of the floor of the oral cavity?
lingual nerve
what provides innervation to the tongue for special sensory fibres for taste?
chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)
what innervates the buccal muscle?
buccal branches of the facial nerve
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
muscles that lie entirely in the tongue
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse and vertical muscles
whats the function of intrinsic tongue muscles?
affect shape and size of tongue
have a role in facilitating speech, eating and swallowing
what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
what are extrinsic tongue muscles?
muscles that attach the tongue to other structures
whats the function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
repositioning of the tongue
where does the genioglossus muscle attach ad insert?
arises from mandibular symphysis and inserts into the body of the hyoid bone and entire length of tongue
whats the function of the genioglossus muscle of the tongue?
protrude the tongue, depress the tongue and draw the tip back and down
where does the hyoglossus muscle attach and insert?
it arises from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue
whats the function of the hyoglossus muscle
depression and retraction of the tongue
where does the styloglossus muscle attach and insert?
originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts into the side of the tongue
whats the function of the styloglossus muscle?
retraction and elevation of the tongue
where does the palatoglossus muscle attach and insert?
arises from the palatine aponeurosis and inserts broadly across the tongue
whats the function of the palatoglossus muscle?
it elevates the posterior aspect of the tongue
what innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
hypoglossal nerve
except palatoglossus muscle which has vagal innervation
what supplies general sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
trigeminal nerve
lingual nerve
what supplies taste in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
facial nerve
what supplies touch and taste sensation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve
what is the arterial blood supply to the tongue?
lingual arterty (branch of ECA) and some collateral circulation provided by tonsillar artery
