Xray Signs Flashcards
What is the name of the procedure where in the sternum is opened vertically?
Stenotomy
What would you expect to see in a CXR on patient with PHx of rheumatic fever?
Enlarged heart due to mitral valve disease causing enlargement of LA
What are some causes of marked increase in size of the cardiac silhouette?
Cardiomyopathy
Mixed valvular heart disease
Pericardial effusion
What is the normal cardiothoracic ratio?
<50%
What is the hallmark of airspace opacity?
Fluffy opacity filling the terminal alveolar sacs and air bronchograms
How can you see an enlarged LA on lateral CXR?
Injest barium which will outline the oesophagus
A silhouette that obstructs the R hemidiaphragm would be in which lobe?
R lower lobe
How can you tell if a CXR is aligned properly coronally?
Look for the position of the spinous processes in respect to the clavicles
What are air bronchgrams?
The phenomenon of air-filled bronchi (dark) being made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli (grey/white). It is almost always caused by a pathologic airspace/alveolar process, in which something other than air fills the alveoli. Air bronchograms will not be visible if the bronchi themselves are opacified (e.g. by fluid) and thus indicate patent proximal airways.
What structure is in place of the R middle lobe in the L lung?
Lingula
What are some causes of airspace opacity in a patient 4 hours post operation?
Aspiration
Fluid overload due to fluid or blood transfusions
When is a expiration radiograph obtained deliberately?
Suspected pneumothorax - usually small ones
What are syndesmophytes?
Boney growth originating inside a ligament
What is a cause of pulmonary arterial enlargement
Pulmonary artery hypertension
Post stenotic pulmonary dilation
What are Kerly B-lines an indications of?
Interstitial oedema
How do you measure the heart size on CXR?
Measure the distance between R and L lateral border and compare that to the width of the diaphragm
Normal = <50%
Consolidation in the lingula will obstruct the silhouette of which structure?
L heart border
How many anterior and posterior ribs are present in CXR with full inspiration?
7 and 10
Lung base opacity with decreased lung volume, what do you think?
Interstitual fibrosis
In which part of the lung does pathology appear to have a linear pattern?
Interstitium
Which lung cancers tend to be central?
SCC
Small cell carcinoma
What do you think of when you see a unilateral pleural effusion?
Ca
What is lymphangitis carcinomatosis?
Cancer blocking the lymph ducts causing effusion
What are some lung masses that cavitate?
Malignancy
TB
Pulmonary abscess
Vasculitis
Asbestoma
What are some common sites of lung cancer metastasis?
Bone
Adrenals
Brain
Liver
How do you make a pneumothorax more obvious on CXR?
Expiration film
Which cancers tend to met to the lungs?
Melanoma
Breast
GIT
