Abdominal Imagining Flashcards
What is volvulus of bowel?
Bowel twisting on itself causing obstruction
What is a common site of inflammation in Crohn’s disease?
Terminal ileum
What is the typical cause of an apple core lesion on xray - barium enema?
Large bowel adenocarcinoma
Causes of small bowel obstruction?
Previous surgery - adhesions
IBD - stricture
Tumour - lymphoma
Incarcerated hernia
What is Wiglet’s sign?
Sharply defined bowel wall with air on both sides of wall
What are the ridges in the small bowel called?
Valves of Kerkring
Plicae circulares
Valvulae conniventes
What are complications of recurrent diverticulosis?
Strictures > Obstruction
What are some causes of air under the diaphragm?
Perforated bowel
Post surgery
What are some contraindications for barium? Why?
Bowel Perforation
Imminent surgery
Barium can cause peritonitis
Causes of large bowel obstructions?
Strictures - previous surgery, diverticulosis
Cancer
Faecal impaction
Ischaemic bowel
How do abscesses appear on CT?
Dark fluid with bright capsule
How wide is dilated small bowel, large bowel and caecum
3cm - Small bowel
6 - Large bowel
9 - Caecum
At what bleeding rate must you be at for bleeding to be picked up on CT?
1mL/min
Causes of acute PR bleeding with bright blood?
Diverticular disease
Angiodysplasia
Colonitis
Cancer
Fissure/haemorroids
4 locations for portal-systemic anastomoses
Lower oesophageal
Rectal
Umbilical
Retroperitoneal
What is the normal diameter of the common bile duct?
4-8mm (gets bigger with age)
What percentage of gall stones are high density on Xray/CT?
10% / 10-30%
What percentage of renal calculi are radio opaque on CT?
All
What is a pseudocyst?
Fluid not lined by an epithelial layer
Painless jaundice, what do you think first?
Pancreatic cancer
How do you differentiate a gall stone from polyp in gall bladder?
It’s mobile and shadowing
What must the patient do in prep for abdominal US?
Fast, at least 6 hours
- Gas gets in the way and gall bladder contracts after eating
US signs for cholecystitis
US positive Murphy’s
Gall bladder wall thickening
Pericholecystic fluid (fluid around the gall bladder)
How is small bowel obstruction diagnosed on abdominal xray?
Small bowel obstruction of >2.5cm
