Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SEM II - Rad Physics > Xray Interraction w/Matter > Flashcards

Xray Interraction w/Matter Flashcards

0
Q

What are the properties of X-ray/photons/EMR?

A

Pure energy, no mass, no charge, speed of light, waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is interacting with what?

A

X-ray photons interacting with the atoms that make up matter/human bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the properties of atoms in the human?

A

Bohr atoms - solar system model/empty space

The big 4 - Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Bohr atom

A

Like a miniature solar system
-nucleus at the center
-electrons in orbit
3D - mostly empty space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The 7 possible orbital rings:

A 
K - innermost filled first
L
M
N
O
P
Q - outermost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electron binding energy

A

The force that holds electrons in orbit.

  • a balance of forces
    • inertia of electrons
    • magnetic attraction of (+) charged nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electron binding energy varies by:

A

Atomic number

Distance from the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

As atomic number increases, binding energy

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The human body is comprised of ? atomic number atoms

A

LOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As distance from the nucleus increases binding energy

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Energy based ionizing radiation

A

Xray, gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Properties of energy based ionizing radiation

A 
Bundles of pure energy
No mass
No charge
Speed of light
Waveform movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

High energy, highly penetrating energy characterized by short wavelength and high frequency.

Includes x-radiation and gamma radiation (possess enough energy to ionize matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

X-rays are emitted from

A

The electron shells of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gamma radiation is emitted from

A

The nucleus of a radioactive atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If given an X-ray and a gamma ray with equal energies

A

You would not be able to tell them apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EMR interacts with

A

Objects whose size approximates its own wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Visible light

A

Rods and cones within the human eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Microwaves

A

Water molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Radio

A

Radio antenna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

X-ray

A

Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

As wavelength decreases

A

Energy increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As frequency increases

A

Energy increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

High energy EMR like X-ray possesses

A

Short wavelength and high frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
The xraybeam is poly energetic
Waveform and energy values will vary within the polyenergetic beam up to the peak energy-KVP.
25
X-ray begins and ends with
Electrons
26
The wavelength of ray is
Very short Approximately the size of atoms.
27
The primary X-ray beam is
Polyenergetic A variety of wavelengths in beam A variety of structures interacted with
28
Low energy X-rays
Relatively long wavelength
29
Moderate energy X-rays
Moderate wavelength
30
High energy X-rays
Relatively short wavelength
31
X-ray security scanners work by
Coherent/classical scattering
32
Compton interaction
Primary X-ray enters atom and collides with outer shell electron (low electron bind). X-ray easily overcomes the binding energy and electron ejected, the atom is ionized in the process. Incoming X-ray loses energy in collision, the energy is spent ejecting the outer shell electron. Incoming X-ray is redirected or scattered due to the collision.
33
In a Compton interaction the strength of the scattered X-ray is unpredictable and random but is exactly equal to
The strength of the original primary X-ray minus the energy lost in the collision.
34
When you think of scatter you should also think of
Compton and vice versa
35
Compton interactions are the primary source of
Scatter radiation
36
Photoelectric interaction
High energy X-rays collide with inner shell electron, primary X-ray dies in collision, it's energy is transferred. Hole left in K shell causing characteristic cascade. The strength of the X-ray created us exactly equal to the difference in orbital ring change. X-ray too weak to exit patients body and absorbed.
37
When you think of photoelectric you should think of
Absorption and vice versa
38
Pair production
A very high energy photon approaches nucleus, photon influenced by nucleus to split into 2 particles. energy becomes matter - 1 normal charged electron and 1 abnormal (+) charged electron like particle (positron). + seeks - and they collide and annihilate each other, the energy contained by these particles is released. Matter becomes energy, these photons travel in opposite directions
39
Photodisintegration
Very very high energy photon enters nucles, photon energy is absorbed. Nucleus possesses an excess of energy, nuclear fragment is ejected. Occurs at energy level far beyond the general medical image range.
40
When X-ray enters matter, one of 3 things will happen:
X-ray passes through matter without interaction X-ray energy absorbed in matter due to interaction X-ray energy redirected due to interaction with matter
41
Pass through X-ray and absorbed X-ray are
Good for the image, project the shadow of anatomy onto the image receptor
42
Redirection of X-ray is bad for the image
Scatter will degrade image quality and increase the exposure to all persons
43
Properties of X-ray
``` Bundles of pure energy No mass No charge Speed of light Waveform movement ```
44
Atoms that make up human tissue have properties:
Bohr atom (solar system arrangement) Nucleus at center, electrons in orbit Mostly empty space
45
EMR interacts with objects whose size approxiamtes
It's own wavelength
46
Wavelength corresponds to
EMR energy
47
As EMR increases wavelength decreases As EMR decreases wavelength increases
Yes
48
A primary X-ray beam is polyenergetic
It is comprised of photons with a variety of wavelengths
49
The beam wil. Interact with a variety of structures
Longer waves with entire atoms Moderate atoms with outer shell orbits Shorter wavelengths with inner shell orbits
50
Frequency
The number of waves or cycles per second (measured in hertz)
51
Wavelength
The distance between a point and a corresponding point on a wave (measured in meters).
52
Amplitude
The heighten the wave. From zero line to peak
53
Velocity
The speed of electromagnetic radiation. Constant Speed of light "c"
54
As frequency goes up wavelength
Goes down. As frequency goes down wavelength goes up.
55
Ionization
To give an object charge (either positive or negative)
56
Ionizing radiation
Energy or matter based Ionizes matter by disrupting normal atomic structure
57
X-ray ionizes matter by removing
Electrons from the orbital rings of atoms
58
EMR interacts with
Objects whose size approximates its own wavelength
59
Diagnostic medical X-ray energy range is
1kvp up to 150kvp
60
The wavelength of X-ray is measured in
Nanometers 10 to the -9 meters Or Angstroms 10 to the -10 meters
61
Classic/coherent/Thompson/Rayleigh interaction
Low energy photon approaches atom, energy absorbed by entire atom. Atom cannot hold excess energy, releases new (secondary) photon. Energy is exactly same as primary X-ray and proceeds isotropically.
62
Classical interaction
Excitation without ionization
63
Our job as techs
Minimize production of scatter - colimator Minimize the impact of scatter on image - grid Minimize the impact of scatter on people - shielding
64
Scatter is X-ray energy but adds
Density to the image Contains no anatomical info Adds fog or a veil of gray to the image, reducing image quality

SEM II - Rad Physics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions