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SEM II - Rad Physics > Imaging Systems > Flashcards

Imaging Systems Flashcards

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0
Q

Electric ground

A

Neutral object ready to receive electrons; reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured

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1
Q

Autotransformer

A

Variable ratio transformer, single iron core, self induction, supplies a precise voltage to the filament circuit and to the high voltage circuit

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2
Q

Voltage/electromotive force

A

AKA Potential, potential difference;

The force that propels electrons

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3
Q

Amperage

A

AKA current/impedence;

The number of electrons in motion

1 Amp = 6.3x10 to the 18th power electrons per second

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4
Q

Direct current

A

Electrons flowing in a single direction, constant magnetic field

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5
Q

Alternating current

A

Electrons flowing in a back/forth motion, changing magnetic field

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6
Q

Transformer

A

Reconfigures wattage from primary or secondary.

More turns = stronger magnet

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7
Q

Rectifier/diode

A

Changes AC to DC, 4 rectifiers required

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8
Q

Capacitor

A

Stores electric charge temperature temporarily

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9
Q

Line compensator

A

Adjusts incoming voltage to the precise voltage value that the system is designed to operate on.

Line = what the power company sends us

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10
Q

Major KVP selector

A

Selector in steps of 10kv

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11
Q

Minor KVP selector

A

Selector in steps of 1-2kv

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12
Q

Rheostat

A

Absolute resistor used to adjust current of the varying resistance in an electric circuit.

Example = light dimmer switch

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13
Q

mA selector

A

Controls current that goes to the filament

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14
Q

Focal spot selector

A

Determines which filament it will use to transfer anode to cathode

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15
Q

Line monitor

A

Instrument used to analyze signal coming in

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16
Q

Filament transformer

A

AKA step down transformer

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17
Q

High voltage transformer

A

AKA step up transformer

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18
Q

KVP meter

A

Instrument used to measure X-ray generator tube potential

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19
Q

Mechanical timer

A

Exposure timer that is wind up

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20
Q

Synchronous timer

A

Exposure timer that measures the number of voltage pulses, capable of 1/120th of a second

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21
Q

Electronic timer

A

Exposure timer that is capable of 1/1000th of a second

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22
Q

mAs timer

A

Exposure timer that delivers a selected mAs without setting the time

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23
Q

mA meter

A

Instrument used to measure mA in a circuit

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24
Q

Voltage ripple

A

How far voltage falls from its peak, least amount of ripple desired

25
Q

Power rating

A

The maximum mAs x maximum KVP

26
Q

High voltage generator

A

Increases voltage to kilo lots, increases amperage for thermionic emission, converts AC to DC

27
Q

Half wave rectification

A

Only positive cycle of AC waveform
1/120th of a second dead time between pulses
60 pulses per second
100%voltage ripple

28
Q

Full wave rectification

A

Both positive and negative
120 pulses per second
100% voltage ripple

29
Q

3 phase, 6 pulse generation

A

3 independent voltage wave forms, timed to work together in phase
360 pulses per second
13% ripple

30
Q

3 phase 12 pulse generation

A

3 independent voltage wave forms timed to work together in phase
720 pulses per second
4%ripple

31
Q

High frequency generation

A

Modern system of powering an X-ray system
Creates “square” waveforms of extremely high frequency creating highly efficient power.
Only 1%voltage ripple

32
Q

3 things for X-ray production

A

Source of free electrons
Acceleration of free electrons
Abrupt haltingly high speed electrons

33
Q

Operators console

A

First of three sections of an imaging system.
Low voltage and amperage
Personnel safety

34
Q

High voltage generator section

A

Second of third section of an imaging system
High voltage and amperage
Remotely located for safety

35
Q

X-ray tube

A

3rd of 3 section on the imaging system
High voltage and amperage
Insulated for safety

36
Q

mAs

A

of X-rays in the beam

37
Q

KVP

A

Refers to the penetrability of the beam

38
Q

Exposure time

A

How long voltage is applied

- current will flow only when voltage is applied

39
Q

More turns

A

Stronger magnet

40
Q

Stronger magnet

A

Higher voltage

41
Q

Step up transformer

A

Voltage is increased from primary to secondary

42
Q

Step down transformer

A

Voltage is decreased for primary to secondary

43
Q

Transformer stepping

A

How voltage is affected from primary to secondary

44
Q

Ratio greater than1

A

Step up transformer

45
Q

Ratio less than 1

A

Step down transformer

46
Q

Cathode

A

Negative

Uniquely designed to emit electrons - but not receive

47
Q

Anode

A

Positive

Uniquely designed to receive electrons - but not to emit

48
Q

Filament current

A

Amperage delivered to filament for thermionic emission

mA

49
Q

Tube current

A

Electrons traveling from cathode to anode

mAs

50
Q

X-ray tech controls

A

When X-rays are created (exposure switch)
Strength of X-rays created (KVP adjustment)
How many X-rays created (mAs adjustment)
For how long X-rays are created (exposure timer)

51
Q

How X-rays are created

A 
X-ray machine is a device that converts one form of energy that we have in abundance into the form of energy we want:
Electrical energy
Thermal energy
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Electromagnetic energy
52
Q

Density

A

Overall blackening of a film/image

Energy deposited into the image receptor

53
Q

High contrast

A

Black and white, few grays

54
Q

Low contrast

A

Image with many grays

55
Q

Half wave rectification has how many pulses?

How much ripple?

A

60/sec

100%

56
Q

Full wave rectification has how many pulses?

How much ripple?

A

120/sec

100%

57
Q

3 wave, 6 pulse has how many pulses?

How much ripple?

A

360/sec

13%

58
Q

3 wave, 12 pulse has how many pulses?

How much ripple?

A

720/sec

4%

59
Q

How much ripple in a high frequency generation?

A

1%

SEM II - Rad Physics (6 decks)

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