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SEM II - Rad Physics > Magentism & Electricity > Flashcards

Magentism & Electricity Flashcards

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0
Q

Electrodynamics

A

The study of electrical charges in motion

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1
Q

Electrostatics

A

The study of stationary electric charges

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2
Q

Electrified

A

To produce electric charge on or in a conductor

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3
Q

Electric ground

A

Reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured.

A common return path for electric current.

A direct physical connection to the earth.

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4
Q

Electrostatic force

A

The attraction or repulsion of particles or objects because of their electric charge.

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5
Q

Potential/potential difference

A

AKA voltage

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6
Q

Voltage/electromotive force (EMF)

A

The force that propels electrons.

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7
Q

Current

A

The flow of electrons measured in amperes.

Direct current - DC - Edison

Alternating current - AC -Westinghouse

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8
Q

Amperage

A

AKA Current/Impedance

The number of electrons in motion

1 Amp = 6.3x10 to the 18th electrons per second

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9
Q

Conductor

A

Material that readily allows the flow of electrons.

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10
Q

Insulator

A

Material that does not allow the flow of electrons.

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11
Q

Semiconductor

A

Under some conditions it acts as a conductor and other others as an insulator.

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12
Q

Circuit

A

Path over which electrons flow.

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13
Q

Direct current (DC)

A

Current that contains a constant magnetic field, electron flow in only one constant direction. (Edison)

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14
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

Current that contains a changing magnetic field, electron flow in a back and forth motion, changing directions, oscillating. (Westinghouse)

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15
Q

Wattage/Watt (W)

A

The unit of electrical power.

Volts x Amps = Watts

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16
Q

Electrical resistance

A

The force that opposes the flow of electrons.

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17
Q

Ohm

A

Measurement used for resistance

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18
Q

Resistor

A

Inhibits electron flow.

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19
Q

Magnetism/inverse square law

A

Intensity of the magnetic attraction or repulsion is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the magnet.

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20
Q

Natural permanent magnet

A

Occur in nature found in/on earth, “always on”, i.e. Iron oxide.

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21
Q

Artificial permanent magnet

A

Man made, “always on”, i.e. Steel alloy of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, ALNICO

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22
Q

Electromagnet

A

Man made temporary magnets, a solenoid with an iron core

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23
Q

Electromagnet advantages

A

On/off switch.
Variable magnetic field.
Simple to produce.

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24
Q

Ferromagnetic

A

Highly magnetic material.
Highly attracted to iron.
I.E. Iron, nickel, cobalt, ALNICO.

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25
Q

Paramagnetic

A

Slightly magnetic material.
Slightly attracted to iron.
I.E. Platinum, aluminum, gadolinium

26
Q

Diamagnetic

A

Always repelled by magnets (either north or south).

I.E. Lead, beryllium, bismuth

27
Q

Nonmagnetic

A

Not influenced by magnets at all, neither attracted or repelled by magnets.
I.E. Wood, glass, rubber, paper, plastic.
Good insulator.

28
Q

Induction

A

To influence without contact

29
Q

Magnetic lines of force/lines of flux

A

AKA magnetic fields; flow inside and outside of a magnet form a 3 dimensional field around a magnet, undetectable to the human senses.

30
Q

Tesla/gauss

A

Magnetic field strength measurements.

1 Gauss = approximate magnetic field of earth.

1 Tesla = 10,000 gauss

31
Q

Series circuit.

A

All elements are connected in a line along the same conductor.
Total resistance is the sum of all resistors.
Current is the same over each resistor and equal to total circuit current.
Sum of voltage across each circuit element is equal to entire current voltage.

32
Q

Parallel circuit

A

Contains elements that are connected on the ends and not lying along a conductor.
The sum of the currents thru each circuit elements is equal to the total circuit current.
The voltage across each circuit element is the same and equal across each circuit element.
Total resistance is the inverse of the the of the reciprocals of each individual resistor.

33
Q

Electric motor

A

Machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

34
Q

Electrical generator

A

Device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

35
Q

Coil

A

Wound loops of wire

36
Q

Solenoid

A

A coil with current flow.

37
Q

Transformer

A

Increase or decrease voltage, electrical component that reconfigures wattage.

38
Q

Autotransformer

A

An electrical transformer with only one winding.

39
Q

Rectifier/Diode

A

Electrons flowing in only one direction.

40
Q

Capacitor

A

Stores electric charge temperature.

41
Q

Ohms Law

A

The voltage across the outer circuit of any portion of the circuit is equal to the current x resistance (V=IxR)

42
Q

Orested’s Law

A

Charged particles in motion will produce a magnetic field that is perpendicular to their plane in motion.

43
Q

Faraday’s Law

A

A changing magnetic field will induce current flow in a conductor that is with in the magnets sphere of influence

44
Q

Magnetic fields

A

Always have a north and South Pole.

Like poles and opposite poles work as electrical particles will.

Opposite poles attract/like poles repel.

45
Q

Electromagnets - variable strength

A

The number of loops of wire in a solenoid allow variable strength. The more windings the greater magnetic field strength.

46
Q

2 important functions electromagnets serve in the X-ray circuit.

A

1: Transformers (3)
- autotransformers
- step up transformer
- step down transformer

2: induction motor in the tube

47
Q

Why an iron core?

A

Is induced to move by the electromagnet.
OR
Captures and intensifies the magnetic field produced by the solenoid.

48
Q

Superconduction

A

Cooling the temperature of a coil of wire to the point that there is virtually no resistance to the flow of electrons.
As amperage goes up magnetic strength goes up.

49
Q

Laws of magnetism

A

Repulsion and attraction
-like charges repel/opposites attract

Force of attraction
-as distance increases force of attraction decreases

Bipolar
Every magnet has two poles (north and south). If you break a magnet in 2 you have 2 smaller magnets.

50
Q

Permeability

A

The ease with which a material can be magnetized.

51
Q

Retentivity

A

The ability of a material to stay magnetized

52
Q

Step up transformer

A

Voltage is increased from primary to secondary.

53
Q

Step down transformer

A

Voltage is decreased from primary to secondary

54
Q

Transformer stepping

A

How voltage is affected from primary to secondary.

55
Q

Electrification

A

Occurs when an object has too many it too few electrons

56
Q

Contact

A

When objects touch their charges “spread out” equally

57
Q

Friction

A

When objects rub together electrons are transferred

58
Q

Induction

A

Influenced without contact.

59
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

60
Q

Electrical power

A

Unit: Watt
Power=volts x current
PIV

61
Q

Transformers

A

Electrical component that reconfigures wattage.

Primary - side of transformer initially supplied with current

Secondary - side of transformer in which current is induced to flow

62
Q

Series circuit resistance

A

Rt = R1 + R2 + R3…

Meaning

Resistance total equals resistance in circuit one plus circuit two plus circuit three.

63
Q

Parallel circuit resistance

A

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3…
Meaning
Resistance total is the reciprocals of the total of the various circuits.

SEM II - Rad Physics (6 decks)

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