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Rad Physics II > Xray Emission Spectrum > Flashcards

Xray Emission Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of spectrum

A

Discrete

Continuous

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2
Q

Contains only specific values

A

Discrete spectrum

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3
Q

All possible values

A

Continuous spectrum

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4
Q

Have a range of energies and form a continuous emission spectrum

A

Bremsstrahlung X-rays

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5
Q

Precisely fixed energies and form the discrete emission spectrum

A

Characteristic X-rays

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6
Q

Adding up the total number of x-rays over the entire spectrum emitted

A

Integration

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7
Q

Characterized by quantity and quality

A

X-ray beam

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8
Q

Number of X-rays in the beam

A

Quantity

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9
Q

Penetrability of the beam

A

Quality

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10
Q

Intensity of the beam is measured in

A

Roentgens (R)
milliroentgens (mR)
mGya

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11
Q

Intensity of the X-ray beam

A

X-ray quantity

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12
Q

Amount of X-rays

A

Quantity of X-rays

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13
Q

Measure of the number of ion pairs produced in air by quantity of xrays

A

Roentgen (mGya)

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14
Q

Ionization of air increases

A

Number of X-rays on the beam increases

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15
Q

Exposure rate is expressed in

A

mR/s
mR/min
mR/mAs

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16
Q

Larger the area under the curve

A

Higher is the X-ray intensity or quantity

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17
Q

Factors affecting X-ray quantity

A

mA or mAs
kVp
Filtration
Voltage waveform

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18
Q

Doubling the mA or mAs will produce

A

Twice as many X-ray at every energy

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19
Q

Change in mA or mAs results in

A

Proportional change in the amplitude of the X-ray emission spectrum

20
Q

Change in kVp affects

A

Both the amplitude and position of the X-ray emission spectrum

21
Q

Area under the curve and the output intensity is

A

Proportional to the square of the ratio of the kVp change

22
Q

15% increase in the kVp

A

Equivalent to doubling the mAs

23
Q

Metal filters ranges from

A

1 to 5 mm of Aluminum

24
Q

Purpose of filtration

A

Reduce the number of low energy X-rays

25
Q

Adding filtration to the useful beam

A

Reduces patient dose

26
Q

Reduced X-ray beam intensity

A

Added filtration

27
Q

Absorbs low energy X-rays

A

Added filtration

28
Q

Hardens the beam because of its relative increase in average energy

A

Added filtration

29
Q

Produce the lowest voltage ripple

A

High frequency generators

30
Q

Regular variation in a direct current voltage

A

Voltage ripple

31
Q

Quantity of X-rays is

A

Much greater at peak voltages than at lower voltages

32
Q

Energy of the beam increases

A

Penetrability also increase

33
Q

Ability of X-rays to penetrate deeper in the tissue

A

Penetrability

34
Q

Penetrability of X-ray beam

A

X-ray quality

35
Q

Process of removing low energy X-rays

A

Filtration

36
Q

Filtered X-ray beam

A

Monoenergetic (reduced patient dose)

37
Q

Improve contrast means

A

To remove X-rays with energies above certain levels

38
Q

Removal of regions of an X-ray beam

A

Not normally possible

39
Q

Efficient in removing low energy X-rays through photoelectric effect

A

Aluminum

40
Q

Aluminum is

A

Readily available
Inexpensive
Easily shaped

41
Q

Types of filtration

A

Inherent

Added

42
Q

Glass or metal enclosure

A

Inherent filtration

43
Q

Window provides

A

A low inherent filtration

44
Q

Inherent filtration is approx.

A

0.5mm Al equivalent

45
Q

X-ray tube used in mammography have

A

Very thin X-ray tube window (equivalent of 0.1mm Al filtration)

46
Q

Thin sheet of aluminum positioned bet the protective housing and X-ray beam collimator

A

Added filtration

47
Q

Range of values of any quantity such as X-rays

A

Spectrum

Rad Physics II (10 decks)

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