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Rad Physics II > The Xray Tube Part 1 > Flashcards

The Xray Tube Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Component of Crookes tube

A

Cathode
Aluminum cross and anode
Fluorescent image
Dark shadow

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2
Q

What tube did Roentgen used?

A

Crookes-Hittorf tube

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3
Q

No shielding =

A

X-rays emitted in all directions

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4
Q

A major advancement in tube design

A

Coolidge hot cathode tube

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5
Q

Two major hazards in early radiography

A

Excessive radiation exposure

Electric shock

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6
Q

Component in X-ray imaging system rarely seen by RT

A

X-ray tube

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7
Q

Contained in a protective housing

A

X-ray tube

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8
Q

Modern X-ray tube, Coolidge tube are

A

Vacuum tube

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9
Q

Size of X-ray tube

A

30-50 cm long

20 cm diameter

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10
Q

Two electrodes are called

A

Diode

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11
Q

Self rectification highest limits

A

30mA at 90kV

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12
Q

Overstepping the bounds can cause

A

Temperature rise in the anode target (thermionic emission)

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13
Q

External structures of X-ray tube

A

Support system
Protective housing
Glass or Metal enclosure

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14
Q

Internal structures

A

Anode

Cathode

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15
Q

Three methods of support system

A

Ceiling support system
Floor to ceiling support system
C-arm support system

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16
Q

Most frequently used support system

A

Ceiling support system

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17
Q

Have two perpendicular sets of ceiling mounted railings

A

Ceiling support system

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18
Q

Ceiling support system allows

A

Longitudinal and transverse travel

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19
Q

Floor to ceiling has

A

Single column with rollers at each end

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20
Q

Ceiling mounted and very flexible X-ray tube positioning

A

C-arm support system

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21
Q

Protective housing is made of

A

Lead lined metal

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22
Q

Generated isotropically and in all directions

A

X-ray photons

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23
Q

Limit the beam to window

A

Housing

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24
Q

Functions of housing

A

Controls leakage and scatter radiation
Isolates high voltages
Means to cool the tube

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25
Q

Any photons that escape from the housing

A

Leakage radiation

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26
Q

Other functions of housing

A

Mechanical support

Protection from damage

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27
Q

Uses of oil

A

More insulation

Thermal cushion

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28
Q

Housing is designed with

A

High voltage receptacles (avoid electric shock)

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29
Q

Don’ts in handling the tube

A

Never hold the tube during exposure

Never use the cables as handles

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30
Q

Glass enclosure is made of

A

Pyrex glass

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31
Q

Maintains vacuum inside the tube

A

Enclosure

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32
Q

Is 5cm2 with thin section glass

A

Window

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33
Q

Functions of vacuum

A

More efficient production of X-ray

Longer tube life

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34
Q

With the presence of air

A

Electron flow is reduced
Fewer X-rays produce
More heat generated

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35
Q

Incorporated with metal

A

Metal enclosure

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36
Q

Maintain constant electric potential

A

Metal enclosure

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37
Q

High capacity X-ray tubes uses

A

Metal enclosures

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38
Q

Negative side of the tube

A

Cathode

39
Q

Coil of wire

A

Filament

40
Q

Size of the filament

A

2mm diameter

1 to 2 cm long

41
Q

Emits electrons when it is heated

A

Filament

42
Q

Filament is made of

A

Thoriated tungsten

43
Q

Provide higher thermionic emission

A

Tungsten

44
Q

Melting point of tungsten

A

3410 C

45
Q

1% to 2% thorium

A

Enhances efficiency of thermionic emission

Prolong tube life

46
Q

Two filaments

Have greater variety of exposure

A

Dual focus filament

47
Q

Rotating anode tube have

A

2 filaments

48
Q

Lower mA station

A

300 mA or less

49
Q

Most common cause of tube failure

A

Tungsten vaporization

50
Q

A shallow depression

A

Focusing cup

51
Q

House the filament

A

Focusing cup

52
Q

Metal shroud that surrounds the filament

A

Focusing cup

53
Q

Charge of Focusing cup

A

Negative

54
Q

Effectiveness of Focusing cup

A

Size and shape
Charge
Filament size and shape
Position of Filament in the focusing cup

55
Q

Adjusted by controlling the filament current

A

Tube current

56
Q

Emission of electrons from a heated surface

A

Thermionic emission

57
Q

Thermionic emission is also known as

A

Thermal electron emission

58
Q

Process by which charge carriers move over a surface by induction of heat

A

Thermionic Emission

59
Q

Formation of electron cloud near the filament

A

Space charge

60
Q

Electrons build up in the area of the filament

A

Space charge effect

61
Q

Electrons are difficult to emit by the filament because of

A

Electrostatic repulsion

62
Q

Space charge limited

A

Thermionic emission at low kVp at high mA

63
Q

As kVp increases, greater percentage of emitted electrons are driven toward the anode

A

Saturation current

64
Q

The anode assembly

A

Anode
Stator
Rotor

65
Q

Positive side of the tube

A

Anode

66
Q

Functions of anode

A

Electrical conductor
Mechanical support
Thermal dissipator

67
Q

Anode materials

A

Copper
Molybdenum
Graphite

68
Q

It conducts electricity, radiates heat and contain the target

A

Anode

69
Q

Types of anode

A

Stationary

Rotating

70
Q

Used in dental imaging system

Portable imaging machines

A

Stationary anode X-ray tube

71
Q

Use in general purpose X-ray tube

A

Rotating anode X-ray tube

72
Q

Capable of producing high intensity X-ray beams in a short time

A

Rotating anode X-ray tube

73
Q

Allows beam to interact with much larger target area

A

Rotating anode X-ray tube

74
Q

Heat is not confined to a small area

A

Rotating anode X-ray tube

75
Q

Does not move when exposure occurs

A

Stationary

76
Q

Rotates during an exposure

A

Rotating anode

77
Q

Made of graphite

A

Base

78
Q

Made of tungsten-rhenium alloy

A

Target

79
Q

Made of molybdenum

A

Parts holding the target

80
Q

Area of the anode struck by the electrons

A

Target

81
Q

Entire rotating disk is the target

A

Rotating anode

82
Q

The target material in stationary anode

A

Tungsten alloy embedded in the copper anode

83
Q

Target material of rotating anode

A

Tungsten with rhenium

84
Q

Uses of molybdenum and graphite under the tungsten target

A

Anode lighter

Easier to rotate

85
Q

Tungsten as material of choice

A 
Atomic number (74)
Thermal conductivity 
High melting point
86
Q

A measure of the ability of the substance to conduct heat

A

Thermal conductivity

87
Q

A form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal

A

Putting corrosion

88
Q

Actual target area for stationary tube

A

4mm2

89
Q

Total target area for rotating anode

A

1760mm2

90
Q

Rotating anodes revolve at

A

3600rpm

91
Q

High capacity tube rotates at

A

10,000rpm

92
Q

Shaft between anode and the rotor

A

Anode stem

93
Q

Stem is made of

A

Molybdenum (poor heat conductor)

94
Q

According to Crookes cathode rays travel in

A

Straight lines

Rad Physics II (10 decks)

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