XI: Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Flashcards
1
Q
Which level of body organisation do Platyelminthes show?
A
Organ level
2
Q
In which phylum did organ system level body organisation first appear?
A
Aschelminthes
3
Q
What is present between the ectoderm and endoderm of Coelenterates?
A
Mesoglea
4
Q
In most animals, what is coelom lined by?
A
Mesoderm
5
Q
How is the mesoderm present in animals which do not have mesoderm lined coelom?
A
Mesoderm is present as pouches between ectoderm and endoderm. (pseudocoelom)
6
Q
Which phylum of animals is acoelomate?
A
Platyhelminthes
7
Q
What is the transport system of porifera called?
A
Water canal system
8
Q
What are the minute pores on body of porifera called?
A
Ostia
9
Q
From where does the water exit in porifera?
A
Osculum
10
Q
What lines the spongocoel and canals in porifera?
A
Choanocytes
11
Q
What type of digestion is present in poriferans?
A
Intracellular
12
Q
What type of fertilisation is found in sponges?
A
Internal and indirect
13
Q
Name a freshwater sponge.
A
Spongilla
14
Q
Which sponge is called the bath sponge?
A
Euspongia
15
Q
Which is a symmetrical sponge?
A
Sycon
16
Q
Which cells are present on the tentacles of coelenterates?
A
Cnidoblast
17
Q
What is the stinging capsule in coelenterates called?
A
Nematocyst
18
Q
Where is the stinging capsule present in coelenterates?
A
Cnidoblast
19
Q
What is the gastrovascular cavity of coelenterates called?
A
Hypostoma
20
Q
What type of digestion is found in coelenterates?
A
Intracellular and extracellular
21
Q
What is the skeleton of corals formed of?
A
Calcium carbonate
22
Q
Which body form does Adamsia have?
A
Polyp
23
Q
What is metagenesis?
A
The alternation of generation in animals (in coelenterates, from polyp to medusa to polyp stage).
24
Q
What kind of reproduction do polyps (coelenterates) undergo to form medusa?
A
Asexual reproduction?
25
What kind of reproduction do medusa undergo to form polyp?
Sexual reproduction
26
Which coelenterate is called the portugese man of war?
Physalia
27
Sea anemone is known as
Adamsia
28
Which coelenterate is called sea fan?
Gorgonia
29
How many rows of comb plates are present in ctenophora?
Eight
30
Where are the comb plates of ctenophorans located? (externally or internally)
Externally
31
What is mode of reproduction in ctenophorans?
Sexual reproduction only
32
What type of fertilisation is found in ctenophorans?
Indirect and external
33
What is the sexuality of ctenophorans?
Sexes are not separate.
34
Why are platyhelminthes called flat worms?
They have a dorso-ventrally flattened body.
35
What is the sexuality of platyhementhes?
Sexes are not separate.
36
What type of fertilisation occurs in platyhelminthes?
Internal and indirect
37
How does excretion take place in Aschelminthes?
An excretory tupe removes waster through the excretory pore.
38
What is the sexuality of aschelminthes?
Dioecious
39
What type fertilisation is found in Aschelminthes?
Internal and direct/indirect
40
Which flatworm is also called hookworm?
Ancylostoma
41
Which muscles help annelids in movement?
Longitudinal and circular muscles
42
What appendages are found in aquatic annelids?
Parapodia
43
What is sexuality of neries?
Dioecious
44
What forms the neural system in annelids?
Paired ganglia connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral nerve cord
45
King crab is called
Limulus
46
In which habitats are molluscs found?
Terrestrial, freshwater and marine
47
What is the shell of molluscs made of?
Calcium
48
What forms a mantle over the visceral hump?
Soft spongy skin
49
What is present in mantle cavity?
Feather like gills
50
What is the function of feather like gills in molluscs?
Excretion and respiration
51
What is the sexuality of molluscs?
Dioecious
52
What is the common name of aplysia?
Sea hare
53
What is the common name of chaetopleura?
Chiton
54
In which habitat are echinoderms found?
Marine
55
Where is the mouth situated in Echinodermates?
Ventrally
56
What helps echinoderms in locomotion?
Water vascular system
57
Which organ is responsible for excretion in echinoderms?
None. (excretory system is absent)
58
What kind of fertilisation occurs in echinoderms?
External
59
What is the sexuality of echinoderms?
Dioecious
60
What is the common name of Ophiura?
Brittle star
61
Where is the stomochord located in Hemichordates?
Collar region
62
Hemichordates have a posterior proboscis, true or false?
False
63
What kind of fertilisation is found in hemichordates?
External
64
Where is the heart located in chordates?
Ventrally
65
Which subphyla are included in protochordates?
Urochordata and cephalochordata
66
Where is the notochord located in Urochordates?
Larval tail
67
Where is the notochord located in Cephalochordates?
From head to tail throughout life
68
What type of circulatory system do urochordates have?
Open circulatory system
69
What type of circulatory system do cephaochordates have?
Closed circulatory system
70
In which habitates are protochordates found?
Marine
71
Doliolum is an example of subphyla
urochordates
72
Ascidia is an exampe of subphyla
Urochordates
73
Branchiostoma is also know as
Lancelet/amphioxus
74
Branchiostoma belongs to subphyla
Cephalochordates
75
How many gill slits do cyclostomata have?
6-15
76
Which organsims are agnathous chordates?
Cyclostomata
77
What type of circulation is found in cyclostomata?
Closed type
78
How do cyclostomes die?
They migrate from marine enviornment to freshwater for spawning and die.
79
What type of scales do cyclostomata have?
None
80
Cyclostomata are devoid of any paired fins. True or false?
True
81
What is the common name of Pteromyzon?
Lamprey
82
What is the common name of myxine?
Hagfish
83
What happens to the notochord of chondricthyes?
Persistent throughout life
84
Which scales are present in chondrichthyes?
Placoid scales
85
What are teeth of chondrichthyes made of?
Placoid scales
86
In what direction are teeth of chondrichthyes directed?
Backward
87
Which chondrichthye has electric organs?
Torpedo
88
Which chondrichthye possesses poison sting?
Trygon
89
Which fins of male sharks bear claspers?
Pelvic fins
90
What is the common name of Pristis?
Saw fish
91
What is the other name of sting ray?
Trygon
92
What is the common name of Carcharodon?
Great white shark
93
What type of mouth do bony fishes have?
Terminal
94
How many pairs of gills do bony fishes have?
Four
95
Which type of scales do bony fishes have?
Ctenoid/cycloid scales
96
Exocoetus is commonly called
Flying fish
97
What is the scientific name of Magur?
Clarias
98
What is the scientific name of angel fish?
Pterophyllum
99
Which organism is also called the tree frog?
Hyla
100
Which class does Icthyophis belong to?
Amphibia
101
Which organism is also called limbless lizard?
Icthyophis
102
Fertilization in reptiles is
Internal
103
What is the scientific name of turtle?
Chelone
104
What is the scientific name of tortoise?
Testudo
105
Which organism is called tree lizard?
Chameleon
106
Calotes is commonly called the
Garden lizard
107
The scientific name of penguin is
Aptenodytes
108
Which organisms are known as protostomes?
Animals in which blastopore develops into mouth.
109
Which organisms are known as deuterostomes?
Animals in which blastopore deveops into anus.
110
Which mollusc has a closed circulatory system?
Octopus
111
Which phylum is included in parazoa?
Porifera
112
Which phylums are included in eumetazoa?
Coelenterata to chordates
113
What kind of cleavage is observed in protostomia?
Spiral cleavage
114
What kind of cleavage is observed in deuterostomia?
Radial/bilateral cleavage
115
What forms the outer layer of the body wall in sponges?
Pinacoderma
116
Which are the flat cells present in pinacoderma of porifera?
Pinacocytes
117
Which is the innermost layer of the body wall of poriferans?
Mesohyl
118
Which cells are present in the mesohyl layer in poriferans?
Amoebocytes
119
Which are the totipotent cells found in porifera?
Archeocytes
120
Which cells are known as nurse cells in porifera?
Trophocytes
121
Which is the simplest type of water canal system found in poriferans?
Asconoid type
122
Which is the most complex water canal system found in poriferans?
Leucosolenoid type
123
Which cells in poriferans form gametes?
Archeocytes
124
What is the larval stage of sycon?
Amphiblastula
125
Which is the larval stage of leucosolenia?
Parenchymula
126
WHat type of water canal system is found in limy sponges?
Ascenoid/syconoid type
127
Which is the simplest sponge?
Leucosolenia
128
Leucosolenia is symmetrical. True/False.
True
129
Which water canal system is found in Hexactinella?
Syconoid
130
Which sponge is also known as glass rope sponge?
Hyalonema
131
How many silica spicules do glass sponges have?
Six
132
Which class of porifera has spongin spicules?
Demospongia
133
Sycon belongs to which class of porifera?
Calcareous sponges
134
Rhagon larva is found in which sponge (class)
Spongilla (demispongia)
135
Which sponge is also known as dead man's fingers?
Chalina
136
Leucon type of water canal system is found in which class of porifera?
Demospongia
137
Which coelenterates are colonial?
Obelia and physalia
138
How many layers does the body wall of coelenterates have?
Two- epidermis ad gastrodermis (endodermal)
139
Which toxin is present in nematocytes?
Hypnotoxin
140
In which phylum did nerve cells frist originate?
Coelenterata
141
In which phylum did statocysts originate?
Coelenterata
142
What is the larval stage of jellyfish (Aurelia) called?
Ephyra
143
What is the larval stage of Obelia called?
Planula
144
In which class of coelenterata polyp and medusa stage are both observed?
Hydrozoa
145
In which class of coelenterata only polyp stages are observed?
Anthozoa
146
In which class of coelenterata only medusae stage is observed?
Scyphozoa
147
What is the characteristic of mesoglea of hydrozoa?
No cells and fibres in mesoglea
148
Which coelenterate is called sea fur?
Obelia
149
Corals are members of which class?
Anthozoa
150
Sea anemone belongs to which class of coelenterata?
Anthozoa
151
Which organism is also known as Moonga?
Corallium rubrum (the red coral)
152
How many tentacles are present in class tentaculata of ctenophora?
Two
153
Which cells are found exclusively in ctenophorans?
Colloblast cells/lasso cells
154
What is the larval stage of ctenophorans?
Cydippid larva
155
What type of fertilization is found in coelenterata?
Internal
156
Is skeletal system present in ctenophorans?
No
157
Which class of ctenophora has no tentacles?
Nuda
158
Which ctenophoran is known as venus' girdle?
Cestum
159
Cephalisation started in phylum
Platyhelminthes
160
What are the larval stages of Taenia?
Cysticerous, hexacanth and oncosphere
161
What are the larval stages of Fasciola?
Caercaria, metacercaria and meracidium
162
What gives the power of regeneration to planaria?
Pleuripotent neoblast cells
163
What is the function of hook in platyhelminthes?
Organ of attachment
164
What is the function of suckers in Platyhelminth?
Organ of attachment and ingestion of food
165
What is the protective layer surrounding platyhelminthes called?
Tegument
166
Which is the non parasitic class of Platyheminthes?
Turbellaria
167
Rhabdites are found in
Turbellaria
168
What are rhabdites?
Rod shaped mucous producing structures found in terbellaria
169
Which class do flukes belong to?
Trematoda
170
The primary host of Fasciola hepactica is
sheep/goat
171
The secondary host of Fasciola hepatica is
Freshwater snail
172
Which organism is also known as blood fluke?
Schistosoma
173
Tape worms belong to the class
Cestoda
174
In which class of Platyhelminthes is alimentary canal absent?
Cestoda
175
What type of fertilisation is seen in cestoda?
Self-fertilisation
176
Which is the smallest tapeworm known?
Echinococcus
177
What is apolysis?
Sloughing off of proglottids of platyhelminthes
178
What type of cells are found in the epidermis of Aschelminthes?
Syncitial
179
What type of fibres are found in the muscular layer of body wall of Aschelminthes?
Longitudinal fibres
180
What is the unique character of aschelminthes?
No cilia/flagella in any stage of organism
181
What are the excretory organs of Aschelminthes?
H-shaped renette cells/solenocytes
182
How does respiration occur in Aschelminthes?
By diffusion through body surface
183
What is phasmid?
Chemosensitive and secretory sense organ found in nematodes
184
Which larva is found in Ascaris?
Rhabditiform larva
185
How many pineal setae are found in the male ascaris?
two
186
How many openings do the male and female Ascaris have?
Three in males and four in females
187
Which is a free living nematode?
Rhabditis
188
What type of parasite is Ascaris (in terms of host)?
Monogenetic parasite
189
What is the infective stage of Ascaris?
Juvenile larva
190
Which was the first discovered parasite of human intestine?
Ancylostoma
191
Give an example of ovoviviparous nematode.
Wuchereria bancrofti
192
Which nematode is also called the whip worm?
Trichuris trichuris
193
Give the example of a viviparous nematode.
Trichinella spiralis
194
Which nematode is also called pinworm?
Enterobius vermicularis
195
Which nematode is called guinea worm/fiery serpant?
Dracanculus medinensis (subcutaneous parasite)
196
Which organisms are known as schizocoelomic?
The organisms in which coelom is formed by the splitting of mesoderm.
197
Which organisms are known as enterocoelomic?
The organisms in which coelom is formed as an evagination of endoderm.
198
In which phylum haemoglobin is dissolved in plasma?
Annelida
199
What is the larval stage of nereis?
Trocophore larva
200
What is the basis of classification of Annelida?
Locomotory organs
201
What is the scientific name of sea mouse? Which phylum does it belong to?
Aphrodita
| Annelida
202
Which is known as the European earthworm?
Lumbricus
203
What kind of circulatory system is found in Hirudinia?
Open circulatory system
204
Describe the sexual dimorphism in Bonelia.
Male is endoparasite of female.
205
Which is the respiratory organ found in crustaceans?
Branchial girlls
206
Which is the excretory organ found in crustaceans?
Antennal glands/green glands
207
Which respiratory organ is found in class Arachnida?
Book lungs/book gills
208
Which excretory organ is found in class Arachnida?
Coxal glands
209
What is the main excretory product in terrestrial arthropods?
Uric acid
210
What is the colour of crustacean blood?
Blue
211
Given an example of an arthropoda with ametaboly.
Silver fish
212
Cockroach shows which kind of metamorphosis?
Paurometabolism
213
Mosquitoes and houseflies show which kind of metamorphosis?
Holometaboly
214
How many pairs of legs do crustaceans have?
5+
215
How many antennae do crustaceans have?
four
216
Crayfish belongs to the class
Crustacea
217
Shrimps and prawn belong to the class
Crustacea
218
Cyclops belongs to the class
Crustacea
219
How many antennae do arachanids have?
None
220
How many pair of limbs do arachanids have?
Four
221
Scorpion belongs to the class
Arachanida
222
Mites and ticks belong to the class
Arachanida
223
Peripatus is the connecting link between
Annelida and arthropoda
224
What modifies into oral arms in molluscs?
Muscular foot
225
Where is the visceral hump located in molluscs?
Dorsally
226
What are osphradium?
Chemoreceptors present in mantle cavity of molluscs
227
What kind of digestion is present in molluscs?
Extracellular
228
What is the function of organ of bojanus and keber's organ in molluscs?
Metanephric kidney
229
What is the respiratory pigment present in molluscs?
Haemocyanin
230
Which is a living fossil in phylum Mollusca?
Neopilina
231
Neopilina is the connecting link between
Annelida and mollusca
232
Unio is also called
Fresh water mussel
233
Which is the largest class of mollusca?
Gastropoda
234
What is the larval stage of gastropods
Trochophora and veliger larva (Pila)
235
Limax is also called
garden slug
236
Scientific name of shankh is
Turbinella
237
Is a shell present in squid?
Yes, internal shell is present in squid.
238
External shell is present in which cephalopod?
Nautilus
239
Which is the largest living invertebrate?
Architeuthis (giant squid)
240
What is the other name for ambilacular system?
Water vascular system
241
Which works as a water inlet pore in echinodermates?
Madreporite
242
Which larval stage of asteroids (echinodermata) was probably the ancestor of chordates?
Dipleuria
243
What are the larval stages of Asteris?
Bipinnaria, Brachiolaria, dipleuria
244
Which is the larval stage of ophiuroidea?
Ophipluteus
245
Aristotle's lantern is found in
Echinoidea class of echinodermata
246
What is the function of Aristotle's lantern?
Mastigating organ
247
Sea cucumber belongs to the class
Holothoroidea of echinodermata
248
Antedon is commonly known as
sea lily
249
Feather star is also called
Neometra
250
What forms stomochord in Hemichordata?
Pharynx (endodermal in origin)
251
Acorn worm is the common name of
Hemichordata
252
Which subphylum is chordate but acraniate?
Protochordate
253
Which chordate subphylum show retrogressive metamorphosis?
Urochordates
254
What type of fertilization if found in urochordates?
External fertilization
255
What is commonly called sea squirt/sea potato?
Herdmania
256
What is the excretory cell in cephalochordates?
Solenocyte
257
What happens to notochord in cyclostomes?
Persists throughout lilfe
258
What is the endoskeleton of cyclostomes made of?
Cartilage
259
What is the larval stage of cyclostomes?
Ammocete larva
260
Which is the ear ossicle found in amphibians and reptiles?
Columella auris
261
Axolotle larva is found in
Salamander
262
Amnion is present in
Reptiles, Aves and Mammalia
263
What type of kidney is found in amphibians?
Mesonephric kidney
264
What type of kidney is found in reptiles?
Metanephric kidney
265
Which is a living fossil and a reptile?
Tuatara
266
Flying lizard is called
Draco
267
Ophinosaurus is called
Limbless lizard
268
Which snake is viviparous?
Viper
269
What is the study of lizards called?
Saurology
270
Where are preen glands found in birds?
Near tail
271
Which tetrapods don't have forelimbs?
Aves
272
What is keel is birds?
Site of attachment of flight muscles
273
What is the wish bone made of?
Collar bone
274
What is pygostyle?
Tail vertebrae fuse to form pygostyle
275
RBC's of birds are
Nucleated
276
What type of kidney do birds posses?
Metanephric kidney
277
What is crop milk?
Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds that is regurgitated to young birds.
278
How many ovaries are present in birds?
Only one, right ovary absent
279
Impennae class of aves comprises of
Aquatic birds
280
Ratitae class of aves comprises of
Flightless birds
281
Carnate class of aves comprises of
Living, flying birds
282
Dicondylic skull is found in class
Amphibia and mammalia
283
What is different about the mammary glands of prototherian mammals?
No teats
284
Cloaca is present in which mammals?
Prototherians
285
How many vaginas and uteri are present in metatherians?
Two each
286
What is the difference between scrotom of metatherians and eutherians?
Metatherians- scrotum is in front of penis
| Eutherians- scrotum is behind penis
287
Which phyla have closed circulatory system?
Annelida, cephalopod molluscs, cephalochordata and vertebrates
288
What is the difference between cnidocyte and nematoblast?
Cnidocyte: Cnidocyte refers to a specialized cell, containing cnidocyst, which is involved in capturing the prey in cnidarians.
Nematocyst: Nematocyst refers to an organelle inside the cnidocyte, consisting of an ejectable thread that causes a sting.
289
Is a copulatory organ found in all reptiles?
Copulatory organs are found in all reptiles except Sphenodon (tuatara)
