X-Rays (Exam I) Flashcards
Would bones be more present with overexposure or underexposure?
overexposure
What type of body habitus results in underexposed x-rays?
Obesity
With overexposure, a chest x-ray will appear too ______.
dark
With underexposure, a chest x-ray will appear too ____.
bright
What mnemonic should guide x-ray assessment?
Are There Many Lung Lesions?
Abdomen
Thorax
Mediastinum
Lung
Laterality
What structures make of the pulmonary Hila?
Pulmonary arteries & veins
Abnormalities in lung fields are marked by excessive _______ and ________.
radiolucency and radiopacity
What is the systematic order of approach for chest x-ray assessment?
- Bony framework
- Soft tissues
- Lung fields and Hila
- Diaphragm and pleural spaces
- Mediastinum & heart
- Abdomen and neck
What structure is indicated by 1 on the figure below?
Superior Vena Cava
What structure is indicated by 2 on the figure below?
Inferior Vena Cava
What structure is indicated by 3 on the figure below?
Right atrium
What structure is indicated by 4 on the figure below?
Right ventricle
What structure is indicated by 5 on the figure below?
Left ventricle
What structure is indicated by 6 on the figure below?
Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch
What structure is indicated by 7 on the figure below?
Pulmonary vasculature
What would the results be for a poor inspiration on a chest x-ray?
- High diaphragm
- Crowding of lung markings
What describes the anatomical position of the right upper lobe (RUL) ?
- Upper ⅓ of right lung
- Posteriorly, adjacent to first 3 - 5 ribs
- Anteriorly, reaches as far down as 4th rib
What lobe of the right lung is located primarily posteriorly?
Right Lower Lobe (RLL)
Which of the right lung lobes is typically smallest and triangular in shape?
Right Middle Lobe (RML)
How high up posteriorly will the RLL extend?
T6
Which right lung fissure is oriented obliquely?
Major Fissure
The minor fissue separates which right lung lobes?
The RUL and RML
What is the silhouette sign?
Lung lesion that obscurs normal anatomy (in this case the aortic arch).
What is consolidation?
Inflammatory exudate of WBC, plasma, bacteria, and debris.
RML consolidation pictured.
Is there loss of lung volume noted with consolidations?
No
What are examples of localized lung liquid densities?
- Infiltrate
- Consolidation
- Cavitation
- Mass
- Congestion
- Atelectasis
What are examples of generalized lung liquid densities?
- Diffuse alveolar
- Diffuse interstitial
- Mixed
- Vascular
What are some disease states consistent with increased air density?
- Emphysema
- Bulla
- Localized airway obstruction
- Diffuse airway obstruction
What signs are seen in an atelectatic lung space?
- Density corresponding to segment or lobe
What disorder is likely from the radiograph below?
Gohn’s Complex. Lesion of calcified infection with associated lymph node involvement. Usually results from tuberculosis.
What disorder is likely from the radiograph below?
Anterior Medistinal Mass
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
RUL Pneumonia
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Right Pleural Effusion
What lung lobe is affected by the effusion noted in the image below?
Trick Question. Costophrenic angle still visible. This is likely a RLL pneumonia, not an effusion.
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Free air under the diaphragm
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
LUL mass
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Metastatic Cancer
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Pulmonary Metastasis Hematogenous
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Pneumomediastinum
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Pneumothorax
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Subcutaneous Air
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Deep Sulcus Sign indicative of pneumothorax
How can one differentiate if a swallowed coin is in the trachea or the esophagus?
If the coin sits flat then its likely to be in the esophagus.
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Post-operative pneumonectomy
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Pulmonary Edema
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Transverse Aortic Arch aneurysm
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Cardiomegaly
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Aortic Dissection
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Chiladiti Sign indicative of interposition of bowel inbetween liver and the diaphragm. Not good. Especially after bowel surgery.
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Mediastinal air secondary to esophageal rupture
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
LUL Atelectasis
What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?
Bilateral “cotton-ball” appearance is likely for TB
