Maverick Modules (10 - 16) Ultrasound Basics Flashcards
Who studied bat’s echolocative capabilities?
Spallanzani
Who discovered the speed of sound through water?
Colladon
Who invented the piezoelectric crystal?
Curie brothers
Who invented the Hydrophone?
Langevin
Who developed an ultrasonic apparatus in 1946?
Dusik
Who developed the first 2D B-mode ultrasound?
Howry & Holmes
Sound velocity is a product of…
Frequency & wavelength
Bone has a _____ propagation velocity. This results in a _______ image.
High : Hyperechoic
Air has a _____ propagation velocity. This results in a ______ image.
Slow : Anechoic
Soft tissue has an ________ propagation velocity. What image results from this?
- Average
- Isoechoic / Hypoechoic
The acoustic impedance of a tissue is a product of what two characteristics of the material?
- Material density
- Material propagation velocity
What are the acoustic impedance views of different materials?
Loss of signal is also known as __________.
Attenuation
What attenuation principle is depicted below?
Absorption
What attenuation principle is depicted below?
Reflection
What attenuation principle is depicted below?
Scattering
What attenuation principle is depicted below?
Refraction
What three factors affect how tissues reflect ultrasound waves?
- Acoustic Impedance Mismatch
- Angle of Insonation
- Smoother or Specular Reflections
What is Anisotropy?
Which angle below will give a better image of the nerve?
Why?
A2 due to Angle of Insonation
What’s the most important safety tip when utilizing ultrasound?
Always see the needle tip
What type of reflection is noted below?
Specular Reflection
What type of reflection is noted in the image below?
Diffuse Reflection
What types of tissue/material are typically responsible for acoustic shadowing?
- Bones
- Calcifications
- Gas
What type of material is typically responsible for posterior acoustic enhancement?
Homogenous Liquids (Cysts typically)
What artifact indicates that the ultrasound probe is perfectly parallel with your needle?
Needle Reverberation Artifact
