X-ray diffraction and the discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Flashcards
What is DNA?
Dna is a molecule that is found in chromosomes that essentially maintains and builds an organism which contains genetic material that all makes up living cells.
With current knowledge, there are nucleotides that consist of phosphoric acid molecule, sugar and a chemical base.
Define diffraction
diffraction - The process by which a beam of light or other EM waves are spread out as a result of passing through narrow gaps.
Describe Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of DNA
Franklin’s contribution significantly impacted our knowledge today as she discovered the structure of DNA when she joined Kings college in 1951. Using a X - ray diffraction technique, she was able to obtain photo 51 showing the structural patterns of DNA.
During this time, Watson and Crick were given Franklin’s analysis without her consent and used to make a quick analysis.
Eventually they constructed a model from trial and error and got the nobel prize. This was the discovery of the double helix.
What does the Watson and Crick model tell us?
The structure of the double helix is an arrangement composed with complementary bases. This taught us how genetic material is stored inside cells, which also led scientists to investigate how DNA can be affected from mutations and replicated.
How has the discovery of DNA impacted our scientific knowledge?
Impact
The discovery of the DNA model has allowed scientists to develop the understanding of the stability of life over time. Especially for biologists and chemists, they are able to understand how to repair cell tissues, how genes are inherited, damaged and how genetic diseases occur.
What was the impact of biotechnologies?
This has also led to the advancement of technology such as:
Genetic engineering
Genetic modified animals for eg. aquadvantage salmon
Genetic modified plants eg. corn, tomato
CRISPR
Used to eradicate viruses
Treating incurable diseases (lung cancer)
